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Objective To enhance the bioavailability of longan kernels, investigate the bioactive properties of their polyphenols from different cultivars. Methods In this study, polyphenolic compounds were extracted and purified from longan kernels of 8 cultivars (Chuliang, Daguangyan, Shuangzimu, Shuizhang, Fenglisui, Thai, Shixia and Fuyan). The antioxidant and antibacterial functions were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity test, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and inhibition zone experiment, and the differences among different varieties were compared Results Polyphenols from all longan kernels exhibited substantial antioxidant activity, with DPPH and ABTS highest scavenging rates reaching 98.70% and 91.88%, respectively. Moreover, these polyphenols effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 17.0 to 22.6 mm. The results of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of polyphenols extracted from longan kernels of different cultivars indicated that Shuangzimu longan exhibited the highest inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus, at 82.50%. Similarly, Shixia longan showed the highest inhibition rate against Listeria monocytogenes, at 84.60%. Thai longan had the highest inhibition rate of Bacillus subtilis, which was 83.8%. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between total phenol content and DPPH free radical and ABTS cation free radical were higher than 0.9, indicating that 8 varieties of longan kernel polyphenols had good antioxidant capacity. The total phenol content of Fuyan longan showed medium correlation to its resistance to Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes (correlation coefficient 0.8-0.9). Specifically, Shuangzimu and Shixia longans demonstrated inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, while Thai longan showed strong inhibitory ability against Bacillus subtilis, and Shuliang longan effectively inhibited Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion This study investigates the variation in total phenolic content as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of longan kernel polyphenols across different cultivars. These observed differences may provide targeted selection of longan kernel polyphenols for specific applications and serve as a reference for understanding their biological activities across cultivars.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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