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Dendrobium officinale as a traditional precious medicinal and edible plant, is rich in various bioactive components such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols, demonstrating broad application prospects in the fields of food and health products. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that Dendrobium officinale possesses multiple efficacies including immunomodulation, hypoglycemic activity, antioxidant effects,anti-tumor properties and gastrointestinal protection, with mechanisms involving the regulation of intestinal microbiota, activation of immune cells, and modulation of signaling pathways. This paper systematically reviewed the functional mechanisms of the main active components of Dendrobium officinale and their application progress,and conducted a multi-dimensional integrated analysis from the perspectives of mechanistic differences, activity intensity and process optimization. In the fields of food and health products, Dendrobium officinale had been developed into diversified products, and products with immune enhancement as the core function had achieved industrialization. Current research still had limitations, including unbalanced attention to active components, vague structure-activity relationships and product homogenization. Through comparative analysis, this paper reveals the structure-activity relationships and multi-target characteristics of the efficacies of Dendrobium officinale, aiming to provide scientific references for the deep development and high-value utilization of Dendrobium officinale resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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