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Outline
To analyze the characteristics and origin of one food-derived ST45 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain and evaluate its pathogenicity.
This study conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing and analysis, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation ability and the lethality of the food source ST45-MRSA (SAV15) to comprehensively assess its potential threat. Using the genomic data of Staphylococcus aureus included in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI), the ST45 Staphylococcus aureus dataset was constructed. A phylogenetic tree was established based on single nucleotide polymorphism analysis to trace the food source SAV15.
The foodborne SAV15 exhibited resistance to cefoxitin, oxacillin, penicillin and erythromycin, carrying multiple resistance genes including mecA, erm(C) and blaZ.SAV15 harbored hemolysin genes (hla, hlb and hld) and adhesion-related factors (clfAB and icaABCDR), exhibiting strong biofilm formation capacity. Notably, its lethality in Galleria mellonella showed no significant difference compared to the hypervirulent USA300 and bloodstream infection strains (P>0.05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SAV15 belongs to the Chinese ST45-MRSA lineage and carries multiple human immune evasion cluster genes, such as chp, scn and sak. These findings suggested that the foodborne SAV15 likely originated from human carriers through contamination of the food chain via horizontal transmission.
Human-origin ST45-MRSA may be horizontally transmitted through food chain contamination. Strengthening the surveillance of MRSA within the food chain is essential to provide data support for food safety and public health policy-making.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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