Alternaria species are widely distributed in field and storage environments and can produce a variety of Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA),etc. These mycotoxins could commonly contaminate in cereals, fruits, vegetables, dried fruits, and their processed products, posing significant food safety concerns as emerging contaminants of great significance to food safety.Globally, Alternaria mycotoxins have been confirmed to feature a high detection rate and combined contamination of multiple mycotoxins. Long-term exposure to these mycotoxins may cause adverse health effects through multiple pathways, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. Moreover, co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins could lead to synergistic toxic effects, further amplifying health risks. This review systematically summarized the contamination distribution of Alternaria mycotoxins in various agricultural products across the world, elaborates on their toxicological mechanisms. Furthermore, recent advances in physical, chemical,and biological detoxification technologies, along with their limitations, are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, future research directions were proposed to provide theoretical support for risk assessment and integrated control strategies of Alternaria mycotoxins. This work will also contribute to the improvement of agricultural product safety and quality assurance systems.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |