Full
Outline
To optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for folic acid in infant formula via the microbiological method using response surface methodology.
Taking ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic duration, folic acid content in the sample, and pH of the extraction solvent as research objects, response surface analysis was conducted through Plackett-Burman design, the steepest ascent path method, and Box-Behnken design.
The 3 most significant factors influencing ultrasonic extraction and the optimal extraction conditions were: Ultrasonic temperature of 32 ℃, extraction time of 135 min, and sample folic acid content of 657 ng. Under these conditions, validation tests yielded a mean folic acid content of 148.12 μg/100 g with a standard deviation of 1.39 μg/100 g, aligning closely with predicted values and sample specifications. The 17 commercially available samples were analyzed using both optimal and national standard extraction conditions.The results demonstrated an average improvement of 13.7% with the optimal extraction protocol compared to the national standard method.
Under the optimized conditions, the accuracy and inter-laboratory consistency of folic acid determination by the microbiological method are significantly improved, effectively eliminating the systematic errors associate with the national standard method. This provides a reliable technical basis for ensuring the authenticity of nutrition labeling in infant formula.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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