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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the most significant foodborne pathogens worldwide, capable of causing serious diseases such as diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, posing a continuous threat to public health and the food industry. With the globalization of food supply chains and the increasing consumption of fresh and ready-to-eat foods, the concealment and complexity of STEC contamination have been further exacerbated, raising higher demands on the sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection technologies. This review systematically summarized research progress in STEC detection technologies and standard systems in foods both domestically and internationally, with a focus on the application status, advantages and limitations of conventional culture-based methods, immunological assays, molecular biological techniques, as well as emerging approaches such as bacteriophage-based methods and biosensors. The results indicated that STEC detection was evolving from traditional culture-based confirmation toward integrated strategies combining rapid molecular screening with viable bacterial isolation. While advanced methods demonstrated clear advantages in detection speed, target coverage and risk identification, they still faced challenges including high equipment dependence, operational complexity and limited efficiency in isolating viable bacteria from positive samples. This study further evaluated these technologies in terms of advancement, practicality and reliability, aiming to provide references for the optimization, standardization and practical application of STEC detection methods in food safety management.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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