Full
Outline
To investigate the contamination levels of 5 kinds of heavy metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in commercially available coffee and assess their exposure risks through dietary intake.
Commercially available coffee samples were collected using random sampling. Heavy metal content was determined using microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The heavy metal intake among coffee drinkers was estimated based on average body weight data.
Among the 87 samples, Cr had a detection rate of 100%, with content ranging from 4.7×10–3 to 8.0×10–1 mg/kg. Cd was undetected in only 2 instant coffee powder samples, with the highest detected concentration being 0.025 mg/kg. Hg had the lowest detection rate across all samples at 21.8%, with a detection rate of only 14.3% in instant coffee powder. None of the samples exceeded the national standard limits. Additionally, significant differences in heavy metal detection were observed among different types of coffee. Dietary exposure assessment results showed that for individuals consuming 20 g/d, the hazard index was 0.0024, far below 1; the margin of exposure was greater than 10; and the cancer risk was below 10–6.
The 5 kinds of heavy metals are commonly found in commercially available coffee. However, whether assessed from non-genotoxic or genotoxic perspectives, the health risks posed by heavy metal intake through coffee consumption are extremely low.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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