Full
Outline
To comprehensively understand the regulatory standards for the management of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) and analyze their potential sources and migration patterns in food flexible packaging, this paper systematically reviewed the application characteristics, toxicological hazards, relevant domestic and international regulations and standards and detection technologies of PAAs. It further explored their sources and migration mechanisms in such packaging and proposed systematic control strategies from the perspective of the entire food contact material supply chain. The study found that PAAs, as key raw materials in substances such as azo dyes and polyurethane resins, were internationally recognized as high-risk substances in food contact materials due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity. Currently, regions such as China and the European Union adopted a “total control and individual limit” management model to regulate their food safety risks. In flexible food packaging, PAAs primarily originate from intentional or unintentional additives in raw materials, and the migration levels were influenced by multiple factors such as material properties, production processes, usage temperatures and contact media, made their migration risks a matter of significant concern. Therefore, enterprises could reduce PAAs migration risks through measures such as raw material substitution, packaging structure optimization, process control and standardized usage, and conduct migration testing based on the intended use of the final product to ensure compliance. Furthermore, this paper outlined 3 key research directions: The development of PAAs migration prediction models, the innovation of new barrier materials and the advancement of detection technologies, providing technical support for the compliance management and food safety assurance of PAAs in the flexible food packaging industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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