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Dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in main leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province in 2024
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Hui LI1, Qing-Song LI1, Zhan HUANG1, Wei CHANG1, Jiang-Tao CHEN1, Hong LIU1, Fu-Chang LI2, Man-Man YU3, *
Journal of Food Safety & Quality | 2026, 17(8) : 220 - 229
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Journal of Food Safety & Quality | 2026, 17(8): 220-229
• Special Topic: Food Safety Risk Monitoring and Assessment •
Dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in main leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province in 2024
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Hui LI1, Qing-Song LI1, Zhan HUANG1, Wei CHANG1, Jiang-Tao CHEN1, Hong LIU1, Fu-Chang LI2, Man-Man YU3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Sichuan Zhenxing Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610081, China
  • 2.School of Economics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
  • 3.College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20251208001
Outline
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Objective

To investigate the pesticide residue levels in main leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province, assess the dietary exposure risks to residents.

Methods

A total of 769 samples of 5 kinds of leafy vegetables (celery, Chinese cabbage, bok choy, romaine lettuce and spinach) were collected in 2024 from 52 counties across 16 cities/prefectures of Sichuan Province. The 60 kinds of pesticides from 8 categories, including fipronil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS). Dietary exposure risks were comprehensively evaluated using the hazard risk coefficient (R), index of food safety (IFS) and acute dietary intake risk [expressed as the percentage of the acute reference dose (ARfD, denoted as %ARfD)].

Results

The overall detection rate of pesticide residues was 69.96%, with an exceedance rate of 5.85% and a compliance rate of 94.15%. Chlorpyrifos exhibited relatively high R values in celery, bok choy and spinach, at 6.75, 2.57 and 8.79, respectively. The 14 kinds of pesticides, including propiconazole and difenoconazole, showed unacceptable IFS values (1.02–6.90). The 16 kinds of pesticides, such as cyhalothrin, demonstrated acceptable acute dietary risks (%ARfD<100%).

Conclusion

Leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province still show issues of excessive or off-label use of pesticides such as propiconazole, as well as the illegal use of banned or restricted pesticides like chlorpyrifos, posing potential dietary exposure risks. Strengthened regulation and enforcement regarding these pesticides are needed to support the sustainable development of Sichuan’s vegetable industry and to safeguard public health.

leafy vegetables  /  pesticide residues  /  dietary exposure  /  hazard risk coefficient  /  index of food safety  /  acute dietary intake risk
李慧, 李青松, 黄湛, 常薇, 陈江涛, 刘宏, 李富昌, 于曼曼. 2024年四川省主要叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留的膳食暴露风险评估. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2026 , 17 (8) : 220 -229 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20251208001
Hui LI, Qing-Song LI, Zhan HUANG, Wei CHANG, Jiang-Tao CHEN, Hong LIU, Fu-Chang LI, Man-Man YU. Dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in main leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province in 2024[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2026 , 17 (8) : 220 -229 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20251208001
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 17 Issue 8
13
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Article Info
doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20251208001
  • Receive Date：2025-12-08
  • Online Date：2026-11-05
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History
  • Received：2025-12-08
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Sichuan Zhenxing Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610081, China
    2.School of Economics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
    3.College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spaq/EN/10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20251208001
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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