Full
Outline
To quickly and accurately identify the black spot areas and damage areas of 2 types of fruits, apples and oranges.
Hyperspectral imaging technology was employed for the rapid detection of black spots and damage areas on these 2 types of fruits: By analyzing the spectra of apples and oranges in the range of 550–780 nm. The minimum noise fraction rotation (MNF) was applied to analyze the grayscale images of the first 7 eigenvalues for both fruits, which reduced computational demands for data processing to facilitate differentiation.The normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) method was utilized to construct novel two-band spectral indices, thereby making better use of the information contained within the wavelengths.
Using the MNF Rotation method, it was found that the grayscale image of the fourth eigenvalue could effectively identify the dark spots and damage areas of the 2 types of fruits. In the NDSI method, two wavelength combinations, NDSI (723.6, 673.6) and NDSI (706, 590), were constructed. Then, through grayscale density slicing and arithmetic operations using the two bands, rapid identification of fruit damage and spots was achieved.
Both methods can effectively identify the damaged and black spot areas of fruits. However, the MNF Rotation method is relatively complex with a slow computing speed, making it unsuitable for industrial applications. In contrast, the NDSI algorithm features high computational efficiency and simple implementation, which renders it more applicable for the rapid online identification in fruit quality inspection.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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