Full
Outline
To analyze and evaluate the situation of multiple pesticide residues and risk assessment in commercially available “Feizixiao” Litchi chinensis in Hainan.
In 2024, 35 batches of commercially available “Feizixiao” Litchi chinensis samples (referred to as “Feizixiao”) were collected from 13 cities and counties in Hainan Province (Haikou, Qiongzhong, Danzhou, Lingao, Wenchang, Wanning, Ding’an, Lingshui, Chengmai, Sanya, Baoting, Qionghai, Wuzhishan). Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to detect 195 kinds of pesticide residues in the samples. The detected pesticide residue components were analyzed, and risk ranking as well as dietary exposure risk assessment of these residues were conducted based on the risk ranking method.
The total detection rate of pesticide residues was 100%, with a sample qualification rate of 62.9%.A total of 16 pesticide components were detected, among which only 8 had corresponding maximum residue limits established in China, accounting for 50% of the detected pesticides. The 4 kinds of pesticides had a detection rate exceeding 50%, namely difenoconazole (91.4%), lambda-cyhalothrin and gamma-cyhalothrin (80.0%), flumiproparil(71.4%) and cypermethrin and beta-cypermethrin (51.4%). The distribution of pesticide residue types detected per batch was as follows: 1 batch with 1 type, 6 batches with 2–3 types, 6 batches with 4 types, and 22 batches with 5 or more types, with a maximum of 8 types detected in a single batch. Based on the residue risk scores, among the detected pesticides, 3 were classified as low-risk, 10 as medium-risk and 3 as high-risk. In the chronic dietary exposure risk assessment of diverse populations, the acceptable daily intake for males exceeded that for females, yet both exhibited low exposure risk levels.
The detection rate of pesticide residues in commercially available “Feizixiao” Litchi chinensis in Hainan is relatively high, possibly related to the current standard specifying the whole fruit as the testing part and the lack of corresponding residue limits for some pesticides, which requires standard improvement. Multiple pesticide types are detected in single batches, likely due to alternating/repeated pesticide application during production; the results can support scientific pesticide use. Risk assessment shows most residue and chronic dietary exposure risks are low-to-medium and controllable, and consumers can reduce potential impacts by properly cleaning the peel.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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