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The incidence of sleep disorders is escalating, driving significant research into safe and effective interventions. Serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) plays a central role in sleep-wake regulation; its synthesis, degradation, and receptor signaling are intricately linked to circadian rhythms. This paper reviewed research advances in functional foods that promoted sleep health via the serotonin pathway, centering the discussion on the “5-HT tension-receptor-circadian rhythm” framework. Evidence indicated that 5-HT exerted a U-shaped window effect on sleep: Low levels mought cause difficulty initiating sleep and heightened alertness, whereas excessively high levels could result in daytime sleepiness and central nervous system fatigue. Maintaining a moderate 5-HT tension that synchronized the activity of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors and optimized the continuity and composition of non-rapid eye movement sleep/rapid eye movement sleep (NREM/REM). Building upon this foundation, the intervention pathways for functional foods primarily encompass 3 aspects: (1) Supporting synthesis through supplementation with tryptophan and its metabolites or by regulating tryptophan hydroxylase/monoamine oxidase(TPH/MAO) activity; (2) achieving receptor bias through multi-target, mild modulation of natural compounds; (3)improving the gut microbiota via probiotics, prebiotics and their metabolites, thereby upregulating the TPH1/5-HT pathway. Furthermore, functional foods demonstrate potential for synergistic improvements in sleep quality when combined with physical interventions (e.g., light therapy, neuromodulation or exercise) and pharmacological treatments. Future research should strengthen areas such as clinical trial design, standardization of functional ingredients, objective and subjective endpoints evaluation, and safety monitoring to provide evidence-based support for the development of functional foods targeting the serotonin pathway.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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