As a major oilseed crop, peanut meal, the by-product after oil extraction, is rich in protein and holds significant value, often regarded as a “hidden treasure”. Due to the presence of seed coat pigments, phytic acid and allergens, the utilization of peanut meal in the food industry is less than 1/3 that of soybean meal. It is predominantly used as low-value feed, with its potential far from being fully realized. Nevertheless, peanut protein is not only one of the globally important plant-based protein sources but also plays multiple roles in agriculture, food, nutrition and even ecological systems. This paper delineated the composition, nutritional characteristics and extraction techniques of peanut protein, summarized recent advances in modification technologies, and further discussed the functional properties of peanut protein along with its application prospects in several key sectors—such as the food industry,pharmaceutical field, and fine chemicals sector. Additionally, it prospected future development and utilization of peanut protein, aiming to provide a robust reference for further research and practical application of peanut protein.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |