With the continuous extension and increasing complexity of the global food supply chain, coupled with the rapid emergence of new business models, novel foods and innovative commercial practices, food fraud has become a growing concern and a global issue. In recent years, the risks posed by food fraud to food safety, public health and consumer confidence have been widely reported. This paper systematically reviewed the various definitions and classifications of food fraud currently recognized internationally, with a particular focus on analyzing the functionalities and applications of major global food fraud databases. It also summarized and analyzed mitigation measures for food fraud, guidelines and standards for vulnerability assessments, and related evaluation tools. Furthermore, the paper elaborated on the research progress in food fraud detection technologies, highlighting the applications and limitations of traditional detection methods, and explores the prospects of emerging technologies. Special emphasis was placed on the importance of integrating multiple detection technologies, big data, and artificial intelligence in enhancing detection efficiency and accuracy. Finally, the paper provided relevant recommendations, aiming to offer insights and references for addressing food fraud issues in China.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |