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Objective To study the beef quality characteristics of Pingliang red cattle. Methods The 12-13 thoracic intercostal eye muscles of A3 grade Pingliang red cattle were taken. The nutritional characteristics, tenderness and water retention of Pingliang red cattle were analyzed by measuring the protein, fat, moisture content, amino acid and fat composition, as well as the shear force and cooking loss. The sensory evaluation of raw and fried steak and rinsed meat slices were carried out respectively. The meat quality of A3 grade imported snowflake beef was compared, and the meat quality of Pingliang red cattle was comprehensively analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in crude protein, moisture and total fat content between Pingliang red cattle and imported snowflake beef (P>0.05); Pingliang red beef was rich in amino acids, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 0.45±0.05, which was higher than that of A3 grade imported snowflake beef (0.42±0.00); Pingliang red cattle had the advantages of low saturated fatty acid and high unsaturated fatty acid content. The fatty acid content of Pingliang red cattle was lower than that of imported snowflake beef, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05); the shear force of Pingliang red beef was (4219.10±225.29) g, which was significantly higher than that of imported snowflake beef (P<0.05). Sensory evaluation results showed that fresh Pingliang red beef was slightly lower than imported snowflake beef, but cooked Pingliang red beef scored higher, especially chewing elasticity, juiciness and aftertaste were significantly higher than imported snowflake beef (P<0.05). Conclution Pingliang red cattle A3 grade snowflakes beef can completely reach the quality level of imported snowflake beef, but the content and distribution of functional fatty acid needs to be regulated.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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