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Objective To explore the effects of different drying methods on the physicochemical characteristics and volatile aroma components of Amomum tsaoko. Methods The fresh fruit of Amomum tsaoko in Nujiang Prefecture was used as the raw material, and 6 kinds of drying methods commonly used in Nujiang Prefecture were used to dry it. The physical and chemical indexes such as color and volatile oil content of Amomum tsaoko were detected, and the volatile aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The color difference and volatile oil content of Amomum tsaoko dried by different drying methods were significantly different. The L*, a* and b* of Amomum tsaoko dried by air energy heat pump drying and high efficiency electric energy drying were higher, suggesting that the color of Amomum tsaoko was bright brown red and the quality was high. The volatile oil content was (1.04±0.07)-(1.29±0.07) mL/100 g. The volatile oil content of natural sun drying, air energy heat pump drying and high efficiency electric energy drying was relatively high. The composition of volatile aroma substances in Amomum tsaoko dried by different drying methods had both similarities and differences. There were 19 kinds of common substances, and the relative content of most common substances was significantly different. There were 13 kinds of main volatile aroma components (relative content≥3%), and the common components were eucalyptol, trans-nerolidol, P-propylbenzaldehyde and (Z) -citral, and their relative contents had great difference. The relative content of aldehydes and alcohols in the volatile aroma components of Amomum tsaoko was 82.75%-95.69%. The relative content of aldehydes in Amomum tsaoko obtained by biomass hot air drying was the highest, and the alcohols in other drying methods were the highest. Conclusion Therefore, different drying methods have great influence on the physical and chemical characteristics and aroma of Amomum tsaoko. The color of Amomum tsaoko is different, and the aroma and flavor of Amomum tsaoko are significantly different.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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