Article(id=1153986651253625393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061457694, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061457694, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061457694, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061457694, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=176, endPage=183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986651916325433, articleId=1153986651253625393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of in vitro digestion on antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutipes powder, columnId=1153433635433730748, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Comprehensive Utilization and Quality Safety of Agricultural Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To clarify the impact of gastrointestinal fluid digestion on the biological activity of Flammulina velutipes, to investigate the effect of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutifolia powder. Methods In this study, Flammulina velutipes powder was simulated in vitro digestion of intestine and stomach and analyzed. With 1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, OH free radical, O2- free radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) free radical, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were used as indexes to study the antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes powder at different digestion stages. Results After in vitro digestion, the antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes powder was enhanced and the free radical scavenging ability of DPPH, OH, O2⁻ and ABTS+ free radical increased. The antioxidant capacity of the digested group was higher than that of the non-digested group. Its inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was also enhanced and positively correlated with the concentration, and the strongest inhibitory effect on 2 kinds of enzymes was observed after intestinal digestion. Conclusion The antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutipes powder are enhanced after in vitro digestion, which indicate that the digestion process can release and enhance the bioactivity of Flammulina velutipes. However, in vitro antioxidant activity is not directly related to the actual antioxidant activity of the material. This study provides a basis for the processing and utilization of Flammulina velutipes and its activity research.

, correspAuthors=An-Xiang SU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zheng-Ye JI, Hong-Ju JIN, Zhi-Qiang ZHOU, Jia-Xin PAN, Zi-Yi XU, Bo-Yi WEI, An-Xiang SU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986677405110604, articleId=1153986651253625393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=体外消化对金针菇粉抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响, columnId=1153433635601502912, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 通过探究体外消化对金针菇粉抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响, 以明确胃肠液消化对金针菇生物活性的影响规律。方法 本研究通过对金针菇粉进行模拟肠、胃体外消化处理并进行分析, 以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基、OH自由基、O2-自由基和2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS+]自由基、α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用为指标, 对不同消化阶段的金针菇粉抗氧化等活性变化进行研究。结果 金针菇粉经体外消化后抗氧化活性增强, 对DPPH、OH、O₂⁻、ABTS+自由基清除能力上升, 消化组抗氧化能力高于未消化组。其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性也增强, 且与浓度呈正相关, 经肠消化后对两种酶抑制作用最强。结论 金针菇粉在体外消化后抗氧化活性及酶抑制活性增强, 表明消化过程能够释放并增强金针菇的生物活性, 但是体外抗氧化活性与物料的实际抗氧化性没有直接关系。本研究为金针菇的加工利用和活性研究提供了基础。

, correspAuthors=苏安祥, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 苏安祥(1984—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品营养。E-mail:
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纪正业(2002—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品保鲜。E-mail:

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Kinetics of ABTS cation radical scavenging by phycocyanin of different purities[J]. Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 40(4): 385-390, 406., articleTitle=Kinetics of ABTS cation radical scavenging by phycocyanin of different purities, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1183428155256746020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, awardId=BK20231303, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目(BK20231303), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428151293129704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428151297324009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, companyId=1183428151293129704, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 不同小写字母表示不同组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 图2~4同。

, figureFileSmall=Kv+aIL+VRnMz+dzcPFuceA==, figureFileBig=b2s0vLIPVn82h1ctyReIbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154203975706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=O2- free radical scavenging capacities of Flammulina velutipes in vitro digestive process, figureFileSmall=zgEpxrsWM/S1I33EmCtuLg==, figureFileBig=ICyG97Ay04uv1uodfd8JiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154279473179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=CN, label=图2, caption=金针菇模拟体外消化过程O2-自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=zgEpxrsWM/S1I33EmCtuLg==, figureFileBig=ICyG97Ay04uv1uodfd8JiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154354970652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=OH free radical scavenging capacities of Flammulina velutipes in vitro digestive process, figureFileSmall=PxbzGLR3B44D+z12hDR2EQ==, figureFileBig=VZuRipM2TZU21RlNNd1jzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154459828253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=CN, label=图3, caption=金针菇模拟体外消化过程OH自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=PxbzGLR3B44D+z12hDR2EQ==, figureFileBig=VZuRipM2TZU21RlNNd1jzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154547908638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=ABTS+ free radical scavenging capacities during in vitro digestion of Flammulina velutipes, figureFileSmall=VXMWUvTL7MpX5BVqnejuKw==, figureFileBig=G3wofrajoiGg8umZx/QUVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154644377631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=CN, label=图4, caption=金针菇模拟体外消化过程ABTS+自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=VXMWUvTL7MpX5BVqnejuKw==, figureFileBig=G3wofrajoiGg8umZx/QUVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428154745040928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Significant difference analysis of the effects of in vitro digestion on the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by Flammulina velutipes (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α-葡萄糖苷酶质量浓度/(mg/mL) 未消化组 胃消化组 空白对照 盐酸对照 肠消化组 肠空白组
2 14.06±0.003e 17.25±0.005d 15.16±0.004d 16.13±0.007d 18.81±0.008e 18.03±0.003e
4 18.98±0.006d 23.51±0.003c 21.20±0.016c 21.58±0.006c 23.14±0.016c 22.49±0.005d
6 23.68±0.004c 27.66±0.012b 26.63±0.006b 26.63±0.002b 28.48±0.015c 26.92±0.007c
8 28.21±0.013b 31.38±0.016b 30.46±0.007a 30.41±0.014ab 32.54±0.005d 30.86±0.017b
10 30.48±0.012a 35.02±0.007a 33.45±0.014a 32.43±0.009a 35.46±0.006a 34.26±0.013a
), ArticleFig(id=1183428154816344097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

体外消化对金针菇抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响显著性差异分析(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α-葡萄糖苷酶质量浓度/(mg/mL) 未消化组 胃消化组 空白对照 盐酸对照 肠消化组 肠空白组
2 14.06±0.003e 17.25±0.005d 15.16±0.004d 16.13±0.007d 18.81±0.008e 18.03±0.003e
4 18.98±0.006d 23.51±0.003c 21.20±0.016c 21.58±0.006c 23.14±0.016c 22.49±0.005d
6 23.68±0.004c 27.66±0.012b 26.63±0.006b 26.63±0.002b 28.48±0.015c 26.92±0.007c
8 28.21±0.013b 31.38±0.016b 30.46±0.007a 30.41±0.014ab 32.54±0.005d 30.86±0.017b
10 30.48±0.012a 35.02±0.007a 33.45±0.014a 32.43±0.009a 35.46±0.006a 34.26±0.013a
), ArticleFig(id=1183428154958950434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Significant difference analysis of the effects of in vitro digestion on the inhibition of α-amylase activity by Flammulina velutipes (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α-淀粉酶质量浓度/(mg/mL) 未消化组 胃消化组 空白对照 盐酸对照 肠消化组 肠空白组
2 7.89±0.006d 12.10±0.005e 10.16±0.005e 9.23±0.003e 13.86±0.005e 12.11±0.008e
4 16.17±0.015c 20.41±0.009d 17.72±0.013d 18.81±0.006d 21.74±0.014d 21.19±0.016d
6 22.13±0.014bc 29.52±0.014c 25.96±0.016c 26.42±0.012c 31.27±0.016c 30.27±0.009c
8 27.38±0.004ab 35.34±0.015b 32.06±0.004b 31.53±0.007b 38.23±0.008b 36.80±0.014b
10 30.78±0.007a 39.43±0.008a 35.84±0.012a 35.00±0.004a 43.51±0.015a 42.05±0.007a
), ArticleFig(id=1183428155055419427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651253625393, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

体外消化对金针菇抑制α-淀粉酶活性的影响显著性差异分析(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α-淀粉酶质量浓度/(mg/mL) 未消化组 胃消化组 空白对照 盐酸对照 肠消化组 肠空白组
2 7.89±0.006d 12.10±0.005e 10.16±0.005e 9.23±0.003e 13.86±0.005e 12.11±0.008e
4 16.17±0.015c 20.41±0.009d 17.72±0.013d 18.81±0.006d 21.74±0.014d 21.19±0.016d
6 22.13±0.014bc 29.52±0.014c 25.96±0.016c 26.42±0.012c 31.27±0.016c 30.27±0.009c
8 27.38±0.004ab 35.34±0.015b 32.06±0.004b 31.53±0.007b 38.23±0.008b 36.80±0.014b
10 30.78±0.007a 39.43±0.008a 35.84±0.012a 35.00±0.004a 43.51±0.015a 42.05±0.007a
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体外消化对金针菇粉抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响
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纪正业 1 , 金红举 2 , 周治强 1 , 潘嘉欣 1 , 徐紫依 1 , 韦博艺 1 , 苏安祥 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025,16(3): 176-183
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025, 16(3): 176-183
体外消化对金针菇粉抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响
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纪正业1 , 金红举2, 周治强1, 潘嘉欣1, 徐紫依1, 韦博艺1, 苏安祥1, *
作者信息
  • 1.南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院, 江苏省食用菌保鲜与深加工工程研究中心, 江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心, 南京 210023
  • 2.甘肃省庆阳市合水县蔬菜开发办公室, 庆阳 745400
  • 纪正业(2002—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品保鲜。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 苏安祥(1984—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品营养。E-mail:
Effects of in vitro digestion on antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutipes powder
Zheng-Ye JI1 , Hong-Ju JIN2, Zhi-Qiang ZHOU1, Jia-Xin PAN1, Zi-Yi XU1, Bo-Yi WEI1, An-Xiang SU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungus Preservation and Intensive Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2. Vegetable Development Office, Heshui County, Qingyang City, Qingyang 745400, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031004
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目的 通过探究体外消化对金针菇粉抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响, 以明确胃肠液消化对金针菇生物活性的影响规律。方法 本研究通过对金针菇粉进行模拟肠、胃体外消化处理并进行分析, 以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基、OH自由基、O2-自由基和2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS+]自由基、α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用为指标, 对不同消化阶段的金针菇粉抗氧化等活性变化进行研究。结果 金针菇粉经体外消化后抗氧化活性增强, 对DPPH、OH、O₂⁻、ABTS+自由基清除能力上升, 消化组抗氧化能力高于未消化组。其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性也增强, 且与浓度呈正相关, 经肠消化后对两种酶抑制作用最强。结论 金针菇粉在体外消化后抗氧化活性及酶抑制活性增强, 表明消化过程能够释放并增强金针菇的生物活性, 但是体外抗氧化活性与物料的实际抗氧化性没有直接关系。本研究为金针菇的加工利用和活性研究提供了基础。

金针菇  /  体外消化  /  抗氧化  /  生物活性

Objective To clarify the impact of gastrointestinal fluid digestion on the biological activity of Flammulina velutipes, to investigate the effect of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutifolia powder. Methods In this study, Flammulina velutipes powder was simulated in vitro digestion of intestine and stomach and analyzed. With 1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, OH free radical, O2- free radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) free radical, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were used as indexes to study the antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes powder at different digestion stages. Results After in vitro digestion, the antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes powder was enhanced and the free radical scavenging ability of DPPH, OH, O2⁻ and ABTS+ free radical increased. The antioxidant capacity of the digested group was higher than that of the non-digested group. Its inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was also enhanced and positively correlated with the concentration, and the strongest inhibitory effect on 2 kinds of enzymes was observed after intestinal digestion. Conclusion The antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutipes powder are enhanced after in vitro digestion, which indicate that the digestion process can release and enhance the bioactivity of Flammulina velutipes. However, in vitro antioxidant activity is not directly related to the actual antioxidant activity of the material. This study provides a basis for the processing and utilization of Flammulina velutipes and its activity research.

Flammulina velutipes  /  in vitro digestion  /  antioxidant  /  biological activity
纪正业, 金红举, 周治强, 潘嘉欣, 徐紫依, 韦博艺, 苏安祥. 体外消化对金针菇粉抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 176 -183 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031004
Zheng-Ye JI, Hong-Ju JIN, Zhi-Qiang ZHOU, Jia-Xin PAN, Zi-Yi XU, Bo-Yi WEI, An-Xiang SU. Effects of in vitro digestion on antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutipes powder[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 176 -183 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031004
现代研究表明, 氧化作用不仅能引起机体的衰老, 还可能诱发肿瘤、高血压、心血管疾病和动脉粥样硬化等各种疾病。当机体接受到外界刺激时, 因为环境的原因引起氧化应激反应, 导致生物体内细胞不断释放自由基, 若细胞内自由基未及时清除就会发生氧化损伤, 破坏生物体的结构, 影响生物体的正常功能, 导致功能紊乱[1]。研究发现机体内自由基累积过多可能会导致DNA链断裂、破坏细胞膜结构、引起酶降解以及蛋白质变性, 从而增加了机体产生疾病的风险[2]。抗氧化活性物质因其对抗氧化应激的潜力而受到广泛关注。目前市场上人工方法合成的抗氧化剂如丁基羟基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA)、丁基羟基甲苯(butyl hydroxytoluene, BHT)以及叔丁基对苯二酚(tert-butyl hydroquinone, TBHQ)等安全性和稳定性都存在一定的隐患[3]。因此, 研究安全无副作用且高效的天然抗氧化剂变得尤为重要。
食用菌是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源[4]。例如何皎等[5]通过微波辅助法提取香菇多糖, 证明香菇多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性; 庄海宁等[6]从猴头菌分离纯化出的多肽有着良好的氧自由基清除效果, 具有显著的抗氧化活性; 王静等[7]分别用浸提和热回流两种方式提取猴头菇、杏鲍菇、松茸子实体中的多酚, 研究两种提取方式的作用效果以及提取物抗氧化能力的差异, 结果表明热回流法提取的多酚抗氧化效果更好, 其多酚含量与体外清除自由基的能力呈正相关; 黄希群[8]以灰树花为原料提取抗氧化活性成分, 对比分离得到不同活性成分的抗氧化能力, 证明了灰树花多酚的抗氧化活性强于灰树花多糖; 刘兰庆等[9]对金针菇黄酮类物质进行了抗氧化活性的测定, 结果表明不同浓度的金针菇黄酮类物质均具有一定的还原能力, 且随着浓度的升高, 其抗氧化活性逐渐增强; 张斌等[10]以金针菇菌渣为原料, 应用响应面分析法, 在微波时间115 s、微波功率640 W、料液比1:26的条件下提取多糖得率为7.53%。提取得到的多糖具有一定还原力, 且对自由基有一定的清除作用, 证明金针菇菌渣中多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性; 姜秀梅等[11]发现金针菇多糖D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠脾脏有一定的抗氧化作用, 在一定程度上能降低自由基的过氧化, 从而保护小鼠免疫器官免受损伤。在当今饮食和健康领域中, α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性的测定对于评估食品对血糖控制的潜在影响至关重要。α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶是与碳水化合物代谢密切相关的酶, 它们在消化过程中将复杂碳水化合物分解成单糖, 进而影响血糖水平。因此, 测定金针菇对这些酶的抑制活性不仅有助于揭示金针菇的潜在健康益处, 也为食品科学、营养学和公共卫生领域提供了重要的研究和应用价值。
金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)是工厂化栽培程度最高的食用菌, 是日常饮食中最容易接触到的食用菌之一, 目前已经发展成为第三大食用菌[12]。金针菇不仅肉质嫩滑、味道鲜美, 而且营养物质丰富, 其中蛋白质含量约为18%, 多糖含量约为30%, 脂肪含量2%, 还含有铁、磷、钾等多种微量元素。金针菇中还含有人体所必需的氨基酸, 尤其是赖氨酸和精氨酸含量丰富, 对增强记忆力具有良好的作用, 因此又被称为“增智菇”[13]。金针菇含有多种生物活性物质, 如多糖、酚类、甾体类、蛋白质、黄酮类和萜类物质等多种化学成分[14]。这些成分赋予了金针菇多种药理活性, 如免疫调节[15]、抗肿瘤[16]、抗氧化[17]、降血糖[18]和抑菌[19]等。
然而, 关于消化对金针菇活性的影响尚不完全清楚, 这限制了其在食品加工和利用中的应用。因此, 本研究通过体外模拟胃肠道消化对金针菇粉进行体外消化, 并对消化前后的产物进行抗氧化活性分析, 以了解胃肠液消化对金针菇抗氧化活性的影响, 同时对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性进行了测定。本研究有助于更好地了解金针菇在人体内的消化过程, 也为金针菇的加工利用和活性研究提供了基础。
金针菇冻干粉(北京绿友食品有限公司); 水杨酸、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠(分析纯, 国药集团生物制药公司); 邻苯三酚、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)(分析纯, 无锡市亚秦联合有限公司); 30% H2O2试剂、铁氰化钾、三氯乙酸、过硫酸钾(分析纯, 天津市巴斯夫化工有限公司); 盐酸试剂、三氯化铁(分析纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 硫酸亚铁(分析纯, 天津市志远化学试剂有限公司); 无水乙醇(分析纯, 广州市科玛化学技术有限公司); 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl, DPPH)、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS]、3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent, DNS)试剂、猪胆盐(分析纯)、α-淀粉酶(酶活3000 U/g)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(酶活≥50 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(酶活≥250 N.F.U/mg)、胰蛋白酶(酶活≥250 N.F.U/mg)(合肥千盛生物科技有限公司); 对硝基苯酚-β-D-半乳糖苷(p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, pNBG)溶液(分析纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司)‌。
DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司); HH-4数显恒温水浴锅(国华电器有限公司); KQ-500E型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); Sartoritus 0.0001 g电子天平(北京赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司); Allegra X-64R*高速冷冻离心机(南京天镨仪器有限公司); HR21M*高速冷冻离心机(赫西仪器有限公司); LHS-HC-150恒温恒湿培养箱(上海精盛科学仪器有限公司); XW-80A微型漩涡混合仪(上海沪西分析仪器厂有限公司); HZQ-C空气浴振荡器(哈尔滨市东联电子技术开发有限公司); SpectraMax Mini多功能酶标测试仪(上海美谷分子仪器有限公司); V-1100D可见分光光度计(上海美谱达仪器有限公司); Milli-Q Integral实验室超纯水系统(南京赛恩斯仪器有限公司)。
制备未消化金针菇样品: 首先, 准确称量10 g金针菇干燥粉末(100目), 并将其转移至锥形瓶中。随后, 制备含0.1%盐酸(1.0 mol/L)的70%甲醇溶液, 并将其与金针菇粉末充分混合以形成均匀悬浮液。将装有悬浮液的锥形瓶置于超声波清洗器中, 以500 W的功率进行30 min的超声破碎处理, 以促进细胞壁的破裂和成分的释放。超声处理后, 在室温下使用离心机以8000 r/min的转速对样品进行20 min的离心分离, 以收集上清液。对剩余的沉淀物重复超声和离心步骤, 再次收集上清液。将两次获得的上清液合并, 即得到未消化的金针菇样品。
体外模拟胃、肠消化: 根据MILLER等[20]的方法并作适当修改。(1)准确称取20 g金针菇干粉放入烧杯中, 加入200 mL 0.9%的生理盐水充分混匀, 然后放置在沸水浴中加热20 min, 期间保持不断搅拌。等到样品溶液完全冷却后, 再向烧杯中加入超纯水调节溶液体积至220 mL。用1 mol/L HCl溶液对样品悬浊液的pH进行调节, 使pH达到2.0, 再加入1 mL模拟胃液。其中一组用1 mL 0.01 mol/L的HCl溶液代替模拟胃液作为盐酸对照组, 另一组用1 mL的超纯水替代模拟胃液作为空白对照。使用锡箔纸包裹烧杯, 使其置于避光的环境中, 在37 ℃、100 r/min的恒温培养振荡器中振荡2 h, 离心(8000 r/min转速下离心20 min)后收集上清液, 放入4 ℃恒温恒湿培养箱中储存。分别作为胃消化组、盐酸对照组和空白对照组样品进行分析。(2)向透析袋内加入8 mL 0.9%的生理盐水和2 mL 0.1 mol/L的NaHCO3溶液, 然后再将透析袋浸入上述模拟胃液中, 并置于37 ℃、100 r/min的振荡培养箱中振荡培养45 min。然后在透析袋外的模拟胃液中加入5 mL模拟肠液。另外一组加入5 mL 0.1 mol/L的NaHCO3溶液作为肠空白对照组。两组都在37 ℃、100 r/min的恒温培养振荡器中振荡2 h。最后, 对透析袋外的液体在8000 r/min转速下离心20 min, 收集上清液分别作为肠消化组和肠空白对照组的样品。
(1) DPPH自由基清除能力测定
DPPH自由基清除能力测定参考晏俊玲等[21]的测定方法, 并稍作修改。6种消化样品溶液(未消化组、胃消化组、空白对照组、盐酸对照组、肠对照组、肠空白组)均用超纯水稀释成相同浓度, 再分别吸取1 mL样品溶液于离心管中, 依次加入0.16 mmol/L的DPPH溶液(DPPH粉末溶于95%乙醇溶液)2 mL, 经充分振荡摇匀后放置于25 ℃水浴锅中加热30 min, 在517 nm波长处测定溶液的吸光度, 上述操作均在避光条件下进行。清除率根据公式(1)计算:
$\text { 清除率 } / \%=\frac{\left[A_{0}-\left(A_{1}-A_{2}\right)\right]}{A_{0}} \times 100 \%$
式中, A0为乙醇代替样品的吸光度; A1为不同的消化样品的吸光度; A2为乙醇代替DPPH溶液的吸光度。
(2) O2-自由基清除能力测定
O2-自由基清楚能力测定参考张莲姬等[22]的方法, 并稍作改动。6种消化样品溶液均用超纯水稀释成相同浓度, 再移取1 mL样品溶液于离心管中, 分别加入0.2 mol/L, pH=8.2的Tris-HCl缓冲液1 mL, 经充分振荡摇匀后放置于37 ℃的水浴锅中加热30 min, 然后加入1 mL预先在37 ℃水浴锅中加热2 min的7 mmol/L邻苯三酚盐酸溶液并摇匀, 使其反应5 min后, 在320 nm波长处测定溶液的吸光度。清除率按照公式(2)计算:
$\text { 清除率 } / \%=\frac{\left(A_{11}-A_{12}\right)}{A_{11}} \times 100 \%$
式中, A11为超纯水代替样品的吸光度; A12为不同的消化样品的吸光度。
(3) OH自由基清除能力的测定
OH自由基清除能力参考马晓华等[23]的测定方法, 并略作修改。先取6 mmol/L的FeSO4溶液1 mL和6 mmol/L的H2O2溶液1 mL, 充分振荡摇匀, 发生反应生成OH自由基。然后将6种消化样品溶液均用超纯水稀释成相同浓度, 在离心管中分别加入1 mL样品溶液, 最后加入6 mmol/L的水杨酸溶液1 mL, 充分振荡摇匀后放置于37 ℃水浴锅中加热30 min, 在510 nm波长处测定溶液的吸光度。清除率根据公式(3)计算:
$\text { 清除率 } / \%=\frac{\left[A_{20}-\left(A_{21}-A_{22}\right)\right]}{A_{20}} \times 100 \%$
式中, A20为超纯水代替样品的吸光度; A21为不同的消化样品的吸光度; A22则为用超纯水代替H2O2的吸光度。
(4) ABTS+自由基清除能力的测定
ABTS+自由基清除能力的测定参考李帆等[24]的方法, 并略作改进。准确称取38.4 mg ABTS用超纯水定容到10 mL, 配制成7 mmol/L的ABTS溶液, 称取13.4 mg K2S2O8用超纯水定容到10 mL, 配制成2.45 mmol/L K2S2O8溶液, 两者等体积混合, 在避光条件下保存12~16 h获得ABTS+工作液。在使用之前, 用10 mmol/L、pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液将其稀释至在734 nm波长处吸光度为0.700±0.020的溶液。6种消化样品溶液均用超纯水稀释成相同浓度, 移取1 mL ABTS+储备液并分别加入1 mL样品溶液, 经充分摇匀后置于室温下反应6 min, 在734 nm波长处测定溶液的吸光度。清除率计算如式(4):
$\text { 清除率/% }=\frac{\left[A_{30}-\left(A_{31}-A_{32}\right)\right]}{A_{30}} \times 100 \%$
式中, A30为超纯水替代样品的吸光度; A31为不同的消化样品的吸光度; A32为磷酸盐缓冲溶液代替的ABTS+测定液的吸光度。
测定α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性根据YANG等[25]的方法并进行修改。先取200 μL样品溶液于离心管中, 加入200 μL用磷酸缓冲溶液溶解的α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液, 将离心管放置在37 ℃水浴中反应15 min, 再加入200 μL 2.5 mmol/L pNPG溶液充分混匀。继续在37 ℃水浴中反应10 min后, 加入5 mL 0.10 mol/L Na2CO3溶液终止反应, 在400 nm波长处测定溶液的吸光度。抑制率的计算如式(5):
$\alpha \text {-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率 } / \%=\left(1-\frac{A_{41}-A_{42}}{A_{43}-A_{44}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中, A41为空白组, 即用超纯水替代样品溶液测得的吸光度; A42为空白对照组, 即用超纯水替代样品溶液和用缓冲溶液替代α-淀粉酶溶液测得的吸光度; A43为样品组, 即样品溶液测得的吸光度; A44为样品对照组, 即用缓冲溶液替代α-淀粉酶溶液测得的吸光度。
根据BAO等[26]的方法测定α-淀粉酶抑制活性。在室温下取200 μL不同浓度的样品溶液于离心管中, 加入200 μL用磷酸缓冲溶液溶解的α-淀粉酶溶液, 充分振荡摇匀, 放置在37 ℃水浴中反应5 min, 再加入200 μL 1%淀粉溶液充分混匀, 在37 ℃水浴中继续反应15 min。最后加入0.4 mL DNS试剂, 将离心管置于水浴锅中沸水浴5 min, 冷却至室温, 加超纯水定容至5 mL, 在540 nm波长处测定溶液吸光度。抑制率按式(6)计算:
$\alpha \text {-淀粉酶的抑制率 } / \%=\left(1-\frac{A_{51}-A_{52}}{A_{53}-A_{54}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中, A51为空白组, 即用超纯水替代样品溶液测得的吸光度; A52为空白对照组, 即用超纯水替代样品溶液和α-淀粉酶溶液测得的吸光度; A53为样品组, 即样品溶液测得的吸光度; A54为样品对照组, 即用超纯水替代α-淀粉酶溶液测得的吸光度。
采用Origin 2018分析软件对数据进行分析, 实验结果均为3次实验的平均值, 实验结果用平均值±标准偏差表示。采用SPSS Statistics 20统计软件, 用t检验比较两种处理样品间的显著性差异。
DPPH是一种非常稳定的自由基, 测定DPPH的自由基清除率具有快速、简便、易操作的优点, 该方法是将样品溶液与DPPH溶液混合, 在黑暗环境中反应一段时间后, 通过测定反应体系在特定波长下的吸光度, 根据吸光度变化来计算样品对DPPH自由基的清除率[27]。DPPH溶于乙醇溶液呈紫红色, 当加入抗氧化剂即自由基清除剂后, DPPH乙醇溶液中的孤对电子会与抗氧化剂结合, 因而出现颜色变化, 与抗氧化剂结合越多, 清除能力越强, 吸光度越低, 颜色会变得越浅, 反之则会变深[28]。测定不同消化阶段金针菇DPPH自由基清除能力, 结果如图1所示。由图1可知, 金针菇干粉清除DPPH自由基的总体趋势为: 随着消化不断进行, 其DPPH自由基清除效果逐渐明显。DPPH自由基清除率从46.74%增加到67.12%。在胃消化阶段, 空白对照组和盐酸对照组的DPPH清除率没有明显变化, 两组之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05), 胃消化组与空白对照组、盐酸对照组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。经胃消化后的DPPH清除率相比于未消化时增加了111.31%, 显著大于未消化组。经过肠道消化后DPPH自由基清除能力呈较明显增长趋势。肠空白组的变化不明显, 与肠空白组相比, 肠消化组DPPH自由基清除能力增强, 清除率为67.12%, 显著大于肠空白组(P<0.05)。由此可见, 金针菇对DPPH自由基表现出较强的清除效果, 并且经胃、肠消化提高了金针菇DPPH自由基清除活性。
O2-自由基十分活泼, 具有较强的氧化性和毒性。它虽然不能直接导致脂质氧化, 但却能转化成其他活性氧自由基, 对机体产生进一步的氧化危害, 因此研究这种自由基的清除率是非常重要的[29]。从图2可以看出, 随着消化过程不断地进行, 金针菇的O2-自由基清除能力也随之増加。O2-自由基清除率从20.20%增加到36.51%。在胃消化阶段, 空白对照组和盐酸对照组的O2-自由基清除率变化不明显, 不存在显著差异(P>0.05), 胃消化组与这两组相比清除率分别提高了135.56%和132.35%, 存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。经胃消化后的O2-自由基清除率相比于未消化时增加了126.94%, 具有显著差异性。经过肠道消化后O2-自由基清除能力呈较明显增长趋势, 而肠消化组清除自由基能力增强, 清除率为36.51%, 达到肠空白对照组的1.25倍, 显著大于肠空白组。结果显示, 经肠道消化的金针菇O2-自由基清除能力增强。
OH自由基是人体最活跃的自由基, 可以与细胞中的生物大分子发生反应, 引起脂质过氧化, 从而导致细胞受损。当OH清除剂存在时, OH清除剂与羟基自由基结合, 在最大吸收波长处的吸光值降低。OH自由基清除率是筛选抗氧化剂的重要指标之一。金针菇在模拟胃、肠消化过程中OH自由基清除能力的变化趋势如图3所示, OH自由基清除率从28.92%上升到41.43%。胃消化阶段, 空白对照组和盐酸对照组的OH自由基清除率没有明显的变化, 两组之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05), 胃消化组与未消化组相比, 清除率增长了156.72%, 也明显高于空白对照组和盐酸对照组, 因此它们之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在肠消化阶段, 进一步促进了羟基自由基清除能力的增长, 肠消化组清除率为41.43%, 显著大于肠空白对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见, 金针菇对OH自由基有明显的清除效果, 并且经胃、肠消化后清除OH自由基能力有一定程度的提升。
ABTS法操作简便, 准确率高, 可作为抗氧化性研究的方法之一[30]。如图4所示, 6种样品经体外模拟消化后ABTS+清除能力呈现出相似的变化趋势。在胃消化阶段, 胃消化组、胃空白组和盐酸对照组ABTS+自由基清除率变化不明显, 两组之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05), 与未消化组相比, 胃消化组ABTS+自由基清除率仅增长了101.11%。继续进入肠消化阶段, ABTS+自由基清除能力呈现出明显的增长趋势, 肠消化组的ABTS+清除能力略高于肠空白组, 清除率增长了101.05%, 两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与胃消化阶段相比, 肠消化组是其1.05倍, 存在显著差异。由以上结果可以看出, 经胃模拟消化后金针菇的ABTS+自由基清除能力有所增强, 但变化趋势不大, 经过肠消化后ABTS+清除能力有了显著提高。
在模拟胃、肠消化过程中, 6种样品的抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基、OH自由基、O2-自由基和ABTS+自由基清除能力)呈现明显上升的趋势。其原因可能是, 通过体外模拟胃、肠消化, 金针菇干粉中越来越多的多糖、多酚、黄酮等抗氧化活性成分被释放出来, 使其抗氧化活性显著提升。抗氧化活性的差异可能是由于多酚和类黄酮等抗氧化成分含量的不同所导致的, 并且这些成分与金针菇的抗氧化能力呈正相关。由此可以猜测, 经过模拟胃、肠的消化后, 金针菇中的活性物成分存在形式发生改变, 释放量增加, 使金针菇的抗氧化活性增加。
金针菇对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的结果如表1所示。从表1中可以看出, 在一定质量浓度范围(2~10 mg/mL)内, α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率随样品质量浓度的增大而增强, 呈现一定的量效关系。当样品质量浓度在2 mg/mL时, 对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制效果较弱, 抑制率仅为14.06%~18.81%。随着质量浓度增加到10 mg/mL, 对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率明显提高, 在这个浓度下抑制率达到了30.48%~35.46%。在不同消化阶段, α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性存在差异。肠道消化对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性明显高于未消化组, 略高于胃消化组。未消化组的半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50)值为41.158 mg/mL。经过模拟胃消化后, 金针菇对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用显著提高, IC50值达到32.857 mg/mL。同时, 与未消化组相比, 消化组的IC50较低。当进一步模拟肠道消化后, IC50值继续下降, 表明肠道消化的抑制活性比胃消化组更高。根据上述结果显示, 模拟胃肠道消化后, 金针菇对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性有了明显提升。
金针菇对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性也与质量浓度呈正相关, 如表2所示。当样品质量浓度在2 mg/mL时, 对α-淀粉酶抑制效果较弱, 抑制率仅为7.89%~13.86%。随着质量浓度增加到10 mg/mL时, 对α-淀粉酶的抑制率明显提高, 在这个浓度下抑制率达到了30.78%~43.51%。金针菇未消化组的IC50为23.611 mg/mL, 经过胃、肠消化后, IC50值不断下降。经胃消化后, 金针菇对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性达到12.10%~39.43%, IC50值有所降低。经肠道模拟消化后, 金针菇对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性达到13.86%~43.51%, 酶抑制活性上升, IC50值继续降低。说明体外消化对α-淀粉酶抑制作用提高, 但总体上抑制活性上升趋势不大。同时与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性相比较, α-淀粉酶酶的IC50值更低, 说明金针菇对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果比对α-葡萄糖苷酶的更好, 经体外消化后金针菇更容易发挥其抑制α-淀粉酶的活性。
由以上结果可知, 随着样品质量浓度的增加(2~ 10 mg/mL), 金针菇对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用均呈增加趋势, 且具有明显的剂量依赖关系。其中, 经肠消化后的金针菇对这两种酶的抑制作用最强。在相同浓度下金针菇对α-淀粉酶的抑制能力强于α-葡萄糖苷酶。这可能是与α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶之间不同的作用机制有关。
本研究通过体外模拟消化对不同消化阶段的金针菇抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明, 经胃、肠消化的金针菇均具有明显的清除DPPH自由基、O2-自由基、OH·自由基和ABTS·+自由基的能力, 且随着消化过程进行, 与抗氧化能力呈正相关。在模拟胃、肠消化过程中, 抗氧化活性均呈逐渐上升的趋势, 消化前后的样品抗氧化活性整体上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。酶抑制活性研究表明, 金针菇对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶均具有突出的抑制作用, 且对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用强于对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。这可能是消化过程中释放并激活了金针菇中的多糖、多酚、黄酮等生物活性成分引起的。这为探索不同人群(如糖尿病患者、老年人)对金针菇粉消化后活性成分反应差异的个性化营养提供了科学依据, 并为金针菇的加工利用和活性研究提供了基础。
  • 江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目(BK20231303)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241031004
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
基金
江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目(BK20231303)
作者信息
    1.南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院, 江苏省食用菌保鲜与深加工工程研究中心, 江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心, 南京 210023
    2.甘肃省庆阳市合水县蔬菜开发办公室, 庆阳 745400

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* 苏安祥(1984—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品营养。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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