Article(id=1153433698310541843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728921600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929623439, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929623439, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929623439, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929623439, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=273, endPage=281, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433699300397614, articleId=1153433698310541843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the optimal aging time for high-quality beef. Methods The longissimus dorsi muscle of Wokin black cattle was selected as the experimental material. The beef was aged in a chilling room at 4 °C for 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on the beef’s moisture content, pressurized water loss rate, tenderness, inosinic acid, amino acids and fatty acids. Principal component analysis was performed on tenderness and flavor composition indicators under different aging times. Results The moisture content of beef showed no significant differences among different aging times (P>0.05). The pressurized water loss rate gradually increased with prolonged aging time, reaching its maximum value of (34.84±0.39)% at 120 hours. Tenderness gradually decreased, reaching its lowest value of (24.42±5.04) N at 120 hours. The inosinic acid content peaked at (185.2±10.3) mg/100 g after 72 hours of aging. Umami and sweet amino acids reached their highest levels at 96 hours, while bitter amino acids reached their lowest levels at 12 hours. The content of saturated fatty acids+monounsaturated fatty acids, Methyl stearate (C18:0), and methanol oleate (C18:1n9c) were highest at 120 hours. Principal component analysis and comprehensive factor scoring results indicated that the tenderness and volatile flavor compounds of beef aged for 96 hours scored significantly higher than those aged for other durations. This aging time was most conducive to the formation of volatile flavor compounds in beef. Conclusion Aging for 96 hours is beneficial for enhancing the tenderness and flavor of high-quality beef.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Xiao LIU, Yu-Min ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-Zhai LIU, Li YU, Luo-Bing ZHAO, Lei WANG, Jian WU, Li-Hong QIN, Xiao-Xiao LIU, Yu-Min ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433712952857496, articleId=1153433698310541843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究高档牛肉的适宜排酸时间。方法 选取沃金黑牛背最长肌为试验材料, 在4 °C的排酸库中分别排酸12、24、48、72、96、120 h, 并对牛肉水分、加压失水率、嫩度、肌苷酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸进行综合分析, 对不同排酸时间下嫩度及风味组成的指标进行主成分分析。结果 不同排酸时间之间牛肉水分的差异不显著(P>0.05), 随着排酸时间的延长加压失水率呈现逐渐增大的趋势, 排酸120 h时加压失水率达到最大值(34.84±0.39)%; 嫩度呈现逐渐下降的趋势, 到120 h时嫩度达到最低值(24.42±5.04) N。排酸时间为72 h时肌苷酸含量达到最高值(185.2±10.3) mg/100 g。鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸在排酸96 h时达到最高值, 苦味氨基酸在12 h时达到最小值; 排酸120 h时饱和脂肪酸+单不饱和脂肪酸、硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)、油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)的含量最高。主成分分析与综合因子评分结果显示排酸96 h的嫩度、挥发性风味化合物综合评分显著高于其他排酸时间, 该排酸时间最利于牛肉中挥发性风味物质的形成。结论 排酸96 h有利于提升高档牛肉的嫩度与风味。

, correspAuthors=刘笑笑, 赵玉民, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘笑笑(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:
赵玉民(1964—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为肉牛遗传育种研究。E-mail:
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#刘丽宅和于丽为共同第一作者

刘丽宅(1900—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:

于丽(1989—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价。E-mail:

, authorsList=刘丽宅, 于丽, 赵洛冰, 王蕾, 吴健, 秦立红, 刘笑笑, 赵玉民)}, authors=[Author(id=1173278451583828935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=921840792@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1173278451642549193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, authorId=1173278451583828935, language=EN, stringName=Li-Zhai LIU, firstName=Li-Zhai, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China)/Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for Meat Herbivirous Livestock Production Technology, Changchun 130033, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1173278451709658058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, authorId=1173278451583828935, language=CN, stringName=刘丽宅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=#, address=吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)/农业农村部肉牛遗传育种重点实验室/吉林省肉用草食家畜生产技术国际联合研究中心, 长春 130033, bio={"content":"

刘丽宅(1900—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘丽宅(1900—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:

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于丽(1989—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

于丽(1989—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价。E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(18): 331-341., articleTitle=Comprehensive quality evaluation of roasted kernels in macadamia nuts based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1173278455912349705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, awardId=YDZJ202203CGZH049, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH049), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1173278455987847178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, awardId=YDZJ202203CGZH044, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1173278456046567435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, awardId=YDZJ202203CGZH039, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH039), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1173278456130453516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, awardId=CXGC202303GH, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC202303GH), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1173278456256282637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, awardId=CARS-37, language=CN, fundingSource=国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278451499942851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278451508331460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, companyId=1173278451499942851, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China)/Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for Meat Herbivirous Livestock Production Technology, Changchun 130033, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278451512525765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, companyId=1173278451499942851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)/农业农村部肉牛遗传育种重点实验室/吉林省肉用草食家畜生产技术国际联合研究中心, 长春 130033)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278454280766454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Rubble map, figureFileSmall=s7NkVNq3sOi4qni39IfVxA==, figureFileBig=80U2dTKkMbp1I65ZPIS62Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278454423372791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=图1, caption=碎石图, figureFileSmall=s7NkVNq3sOi4qni39IfVxA==, figureFileBig=80U2dTKkMbp1I65ZPIS62Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278454482093048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Diagram of principal component analysis, figureFileSmall=teYsXHRDfDtnJU5M9KAcTg==, figureFileBig=KpsYDuCyHQ70ZKTr65V+zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278454536619001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=图2, caption=主成分分析图, figureFileSmall=teYsXHRDfDtnJU5M9KAcTg==, figureFileBig=KpsYDuCyHQ70ZKTr65V+zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278454591144954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Changes of moisture content, pressure loss rate, shear force during different aging time (wet base, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排酸时间/h 水分/% 加压失水率/% 剪切力/N
12 70.51±0.81c 20.38±1.19cB 59.17±16.18aA
24 71.69±0.07bd 28.91±0.07bAC 57.00±15.10acAC
48 71.83±0.09b 31.95±2.90abA 50.00±8.94bB
72 72.78±0.01a 32.02±3.05abA 49.61±18.38beBE
96 71.76±0.06b 31.93±1.89abA 41.39±10.79dD
120 71.24±0.49b 34.84±0.39aA 24.42±5.04fF
), ArticleFig(id=1173278454645670907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同排酸时间牛肉水分、加压失水率、剪切力变化规律(湿基基础, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排酸时间/h 水分/% 加压失水率/% 剪切力/N
12 70.51±0.81c 20.38±1.19cB 59.17±16.18aA
24 71.69±0.07bd 28.91±0.07bAC 57.00±15.10acAC
48 71.83±0.09b 31.95±2.90abA 50.00±8.94bB
72 72.78±0.01a 32.02±3.05abA 49.61±18.38beBE
96 71.76±0.06b 31.93±1.89abA 41.39±10.79dD
120 71.24±0.49b 34.84±0.39aA 24.42±5.04fF
), ArticleFig(id=1173278454716974076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of inosine monophosphate during different aging time (wet base, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排酸时间/h 肌苷酸/(mg/100 g)
12 177.8±1.4AC
24 167.4±0.9B
48 178.4±1.5AC
72 185.2±10.3A
96 117.5±4.3C
120 119.9±4.9C
), ArticleFig(id=1173278454779888637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同排酸时间牛肉肌苷酸变化规律(湿基基础, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排酸时间/h 肌苷酸/(mg/100 g)
12 177.8±1.4AC
24 167.4±0.9B
48 178.4±1.5AC
72 185.2±10.3A
96 117.5±4.3C
120 119.9±4.9C
), ArticleFig(id=1173278454851191806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes of amino acids during different aging time (wet base, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸/(g/100 g) 排酸时间/h
12 24 48 72 96 120
FAA 天冬氨酸 2.17±0.11a 2.24±0.04a 2.13±0.10a 2.09±0.64a 2.16±0.04a 2.13±0.29a
谷氨酸 3.59±0.17a 3.71±0.10a 3.66±0.08a 3.71±0.05a 3.81±0.04a 3.76±0.11a
总量 5.77±0.29a 5.95±0.14a 5.80±0.21a 5.80±0.11a 5.97±0.08a 5.89±0.14a
SWAA 苏氨酸 1.00±0.05a 1.03±0.03ab 1.03±0.02ab 1.03±0.02ab 1.07±0.01b 1.06±0.03ab
丝氨酸 0.90±0.04a 0.93±0.03ab 0.92±0.02ab 0.93±0.02ab 0.97±0.01b 0.97±0.03b
甘氨酸 0.92±0.05a 0.94±0.04ab 0.98±0.02ab 0.98±0.01ab 0.98±0.00ab 1.00±0.01b
丙氨酸 1.25±0.06a 1.29±0.04ab 1.29±0.02ab 1.30±0.03ab 1.34±0.01b 1.34±0.04b
组氨酸 0.94±0.04a 0.98±0.03a 0.97±0.01a 0.98±0.03a 1.01±0.00a 1.00±0.04a
脯氨酸 0.78±0.02a 0.80±0.02a 0.79±0.05a 0.84±0.03a 0.80±0.03a 0.84±0.04a
缬氨酸 1.03±0.02ab 1.07±0.02bc 1.05±0.03bc 1.05±0.04bc 0.99±0.00a 0.96±0.02a
蛋氨酸 0.55±0.01a 0.57±0.06a 0.54±0.02a 0.56±0.03a 0.58±0.01a 0.56±0.02a
赖氨酸 1.89±0.10a 1.95±0.06a 1.93±0.04a 1.91±0.04a 1.96±0.01a 1.92±0.01a
精氨酸 1.38±0.06a 1.42±0.04a 1.41±0.03a 1.41±0.03a 1.43±0.01a 1.41±0.04a
总量 9.70±0.40a 9.99±0.34a 9.94±0.21a 10.01±0.25a 10.12±0.10a 10.10±0.29a
BIAA 脯氨酸 0.78±0.02a 0.80±0.02a 0.79±0.05a 0.84±0.03a 0.80±0.03a 0.84±0.04a
缬氨酸 1.03±0.02ab 1.07±0.02bc 1.05±0.03bc 1.05±0.04bc 0.99±0.00a 0.96±0.02a
蛋氨酸 0.55±0.01a 0.57±0.06a 0.54±0.02a 0.56±0.03a 0.58±0.01a 0.56±0.02a
异亮氨酸 0.98±0.05bc 1.00±0.03c 0.98±0.02bc 0.98±0.03bc 0.93±0.01ab 0.90±0.03a
亮氨酸 1.77±0.08a 1.82±0.06a 1.79±0.04a 1.81±0.04a 1.84±0.02a 1.82±0.06a
酪氨酸 0.78±0.04a 0.81±0.02a 0.79±0.02a 0.80±0.02a 0.81±0.00a 0.79±0.03a
苯丙氨酸 0.88±0.04a 0.91±0.03a 0.89±0.02a 0.90±0.02a 0.90±0.00a 0.88±0.02a
组氨酸 0.94±0.04a 0.98±0.03a 0.97±0.01a 0.98±0.03a 1.01±0.00a 1.00±0.04a
赖氨酸 1.89±0.10a 1.95±0.06a 1.93±0.04a 1.91±0.04a 1.96±0.01a 1.92±0.01a
精氨酸 1.38±0.06a 1.42±0.04a 1.41±0.03a 1.41±0.03a 1.43±0.01a 1.41±0.04a
总量 10.98±0.45a 11.32±0.35a 11.16±0.23a 11.25±0.32a 11.25±0.08a 11.10±0.36a
氨基酸总量 20.81±0.94a 21.47±0.64a 21.16±0.30a 21.29±0.50a 21.58±0.20a 21.35±0.61a
SWAA/TAA/% 27.73±0.54a 27.71±0.36a 27.41±0.51a 27.24±0.78a 27.66±0.45a 27.59±0.49a
BIAA/TAA/% 46.61±0.58a 46.53±0.84a 46.98±0.81a 47.02±0.86a 46.90±0.91a 47.31±0.74a
FAA/TAA/% 52.76±0.94a 52.72±0.52a 52.74±0.58a 52.84±0.49a 52.13±0.54a 51.99±0.67a
), ArticleFig(id=1173278454939272191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同排酸时间牛肉氨基酸变化规律(湿基基础, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸/(g/100 g) 排酸时间/h
12 24 48 72 96 120
FAA 天冬氨酸 2.17±0.11a 2.24±0.04a 2.13±0.10a 2.09±0.64a 2.16±0.04a 2.13±0.29a
谷氨酸 3.59±0.17a 3.71±0.10a 3.66±0.08a 3.71±0.05a 3.81±0.04a 3.76±0.11a
总量 5.77±0.29a 5.95±0.14a 5.80±0.21a 5.80±0.11a 5.97±0.08a 5.89±0.14a
SWAA 苏氨酸 1.00±0.05a 1.03±0.03ab 1.03±0.02ab 1.03±0.02ab 1.07±0.01b 1.06±0.03ab
丝氨酸 0.90±0.04a 0.93±0.03ab 0.92±0.02ab 0.93±0.02ab 0.97±0.01b 0.97±0.03b
甘氨酸 0.92±0.05a 0.94±0.04ab 0.98±0.02ab 0.98±0.01ab 0.98±0.00ab 1.00±0.01b
丙氨酸 1.25±0.06a 1.29±0.04ab 1.29±0.02ab 1.30±0.03ab 1.34±0.01b 1.34±0.04b
组氨酸 0.94±0.04a 0.98±0.03a 0.97±0.01a 0.98±0.03a 1.01±0.00a 1.00±0.04a
脯氨酸 0.78±0.02a 0.80±0.02a 0.79±0.05a 0.84±0.03a 0.80±0.03a 0.84±0.04a
缬氨酸 1.03±0.02ab 1.07±0.02bc 1.05±0.03bc 1.05±0.04bc 0.99±0.00a 0.96±0.02a
蛋氨酸 0.55±0.01a 0.57±0.06a 0.54±0.02a 0.56±0.03a 0.58±0.01a 0.56±0.02a
赖氨酸 1.89±0.10a 1.95±0.06a 1.93±0.04a 1.91±0.04a 1.96±0.01a 1.92±0.01a
精氨酸 1.38±0.06a 1.42±0.04a 1.41±0.03a 1.41±0.03a 1.43±0.01a 1.41±0.04a
总量 9.70±0.40a 9.99±0.34a 9.94±0.21a 10.01±0.25a 10.12±0.10a 10.10±0.29a
BIAA 脯氨酸 0.78±0.02a 0.80±0.02a 0.79±0.05a 0.84±0.03a 0.80±0.03a 0.84±0.04a
缬氨酸 1.03±0.02ab 1.07±0.02bc 1.05±0.03bc 1.05±0.04bc 0.99±0.00a 0.96±0.02a
蛋氨酸 0.55±0.01a 0.57±0.06a 0.54±0.02a 0.56±0.03a 0.58±0.01a 0.56±0.02a
异亮氨酸 0.98±0.05bc 1.00±0.03c 0.98±0.02bc 0.98±0.03bc 0.93±0.01ab 0.90±0.03a
亮氨酸 1.77±0.08a 1.82±0.06a 1.79±0.04a 1.81±0.04a 1.84±0.02a 1.82±0.06a
酪氨酸 0.78±0.04a 0.81±0.02a 0.79±0.02a 0.80±0.02a 0.81±0.00a 0.79±0.03a
苯丙氨酸 0.88±0.04a 0.91±0.03a 0.89±0.02a 0.90±0.02a 0.90±0.00a 0.88±0.02a
组氨酸 0.94±0.04a 0.98±0.03a 0.97±0.01a 0.98±0.03a 1.01±0.00a 1.00±0.04a
赖氨酸 1.89±0.10a 1.95±0.06a 1.93±0.04a 1.91±0.04a 1.96±0.01a 1.92±0.01a
精氨酸 1.38±0.06a 1.42±0.04a 1.41±0.03a 1.41±0.03a 1.43±0.01a 1.41±0.04a
总量 10.98±0.45a 11.32±0.35a 11.16±0.23a 11.25±0.32a 11.25±0.08a 11.10±0.36a
氨基酸总量 20.81±0.94a 21.47±0.64a 21.16±0.30a 21.29±0.50a 21.58±0.20a 21.35±0.61a
SWAA/TAA/% 27.73±0.54a 27.71±0.36a 27.41±0.51a 27.24±0.78a 27.66±0.45a 27.59±0.49a
BIAA/TAA/% 46.61±0.58a 46.53±0.84a 46.98±0.81a 47.02±0.86a 46.90±0.91a 47.31±0.74a
FAA/TAA/% 52.76±0.94a 52.72±0.52a 52.74±0.58a 52.84±0.49a 52.13±0.54a 51.99±0.67a
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455006381056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Changes of fatty acids during different aging times (wet base, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸/(mg/100 g) 排酸时间/h
12 24 48 72 96 120
十三烷酸甲酯(C13:0) 0.07±0.09a 0.05±0.01a 0.12±0.00a 0.06±0.01a 0.04±0.03a 0.07±0.06a
肉豆蔻酸甲酯(C14:0) 1.34±0.02beB 0.60±0.01bdB 0.21±0.02dB 0.97±0.03bdB 2.97±0.57aA 2.45±0.10acAB
肉豆蔻烯酸甲酯(C14:1) 3.50±0.07cB 5.08±0.10bAC 3.60±0.06cB 2.78±0.10ceBE 0.84±0.15dD 6.36±0.59aA
十五烷酸甲酯(C15:0) 0.21±0.01dC 3.37±0.00aA 0.05±0.00dC 0.12±0.01dC 0.49±0.10cBC 0.68±0.10bBD
顺-10-十五碳烯酸甲酯(C15:1) 1.86±0.01bdB 3.10±0.00aA 1.91±0.02bB 1.04±0.02cB 1.27±0.47bcB 1.00±0.03cB
棕榈酸甲酯(C16:0) 11.02±2.13bAB 43.26±8.90aA 3.68±1.10bB 4.64±0.03bB 26.66±7.11abAB 24.16±2.14abAB
棕榈油酸甲酯(C16:1) 21.63±0.51cfBE 27.74±1.74abAC 12.09±1.23eD 21.92±3.56cB 25.62±2.07bdAB 29.46±0.21aA
十七酸甲酯(C17:0) 1241.29±27.66bdB 1173.42±17.39bcBD 665.69±4.98cC 851.36±10.52cBC 2256.49±282.94aA 1314.09±151.56beB
顺-10-庚酸甲酯(C17:1) 2.08±0.11a 5.07±0.12a 6.24±0.87a 1.57±0.37a 2.94±0.80a 2.57±0.25a
硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) 17.13±0.03bcBC 16.15±0.64bcBC 8.56±0.03cC 19.72±0.29bdBD 24.83±1.69abAB 31.13±4.42aA
反油酸甲酯(C18:1n9t) 22.63±0.15cBC 16.38±0.03cBC 10.08±0.01cC 29.49±0.46bcBC 40.57±2.68bBDd 76.67±10.61aA
油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c) 21.39±0.07bcBC 15.07±0.97cC 9.74±0.52cC 26.57±0.93bcBC 33.98±4.04bdBD 55.93±6.93aA
反亚油酸甲酯(C18:2n6t) 25.30±0.28acAB 34.17±0.13aA 26.64±0.78aAB 14.52±1.92bB 14.58±2.86bB 28.17±4.73aAB
亚油酸甲酯(C18:2n6c) 18.32±0.59abAB 23.90±0.31aA 18.57±0.38abAB 11.92±0.73bcB 9.11±0.78cB 16.16±1.25bdAb
反亚麻酸甲酯(C18:3n6) 19.06±1.80ab 28.22±0.24a 9.54±0.12b 13.72±0.21b 16.56±2.07ab 27.07±6.06ac
亚麻酸甲酯(C18:3n3) 23.13±0.62bcB 45.47±0.13aA 20.96±0.03bcBC 5.04±0.12cC 12.22±1.58cBC 28.19±5.54bAB
花生酸甲酯(C20:0) 85.36±2.07abAB 51.96±1.37bB 86.03±1.87abAB 70.80±0.75bAB 110.17±11.44abAB 136.25±30.39aA
顺-11-二十碳烯酸甲酯(C20:1) 0.85±0.52a 1.37±0.08a 0.78±0.03a 0.90±0.69a 1.06±0.21a 1.30±0.58a
顺-11,14二十碳二烯酸甲酯(C20:2) 555.27±25.89bdB 63.87±17.75dC 592.41±14.73bB 284.25±13.25cB 1326.12±16.37aA 254.97±11.29ceBD
二十一烷酸甲酯(C21:0) 1545.84±123.44BE 3216.66±45.59A 1647.19±58.62B 762.41±35.47D 823.16±63.17D 2849.52±404.47AC
顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(C20:3n6) 1.06±0.03C 1.23±0.02C 1.11±0.01C 1.99±0.01B 0.99±0.03C 2.89±0.33A
顺-11,14, 17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(C20:3n3) 1.56±0.06aA 1.60±0.01bdB 1.41±0.01bcB 1.58±0.01bcB 1.93±0.09bcB 3.49±0.43cB
顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(C20:5) 3.19±0.09B 4.17±0.03A 3.17±0.00BD 2.57±0.01C 2.53±0.09C 2.69±0.17C
二十二烷酸甲酯(C22:0) 769.22±12.69aA 290.47±5.65cdCD 426.38±23.19cC 338.83±7.59cdCD 209.75±46.40dD 602.74±68.80bB
芥酸甲酯(C22:1) 6.53±0.16a 4.99±0.17a 5.68±0.15a 4.70±0.93a 2.34±2.05a 3.00±0.44a
顺-13,16-二十二碳二烯酸(C22:2) - 15.59±0.22A 1.61±1.14C 0.98±1.32C 0.80±0.26C 11.30±0.96B
二十三碳酸甲酯(C23:0) 72.17±3.76abAB 10.35±0.84bB 41.03±0.20bAB 70.47±1.57abAB 117.51±14.21aA 52.13±10.93abAB
木蜡酸甲酯(C24:0) 4.39±0.11aA 2.41±0.11bAC 4.63±0.00cB 3.72±0.02dD 2.90±0.13eE 1.06±0.00fF
神经酸甲酯(C24:1) 1.99±0.33aA 1.89±0.57aA 1.72±0.10acAB 1.84±0.01aAC 0.80±0.08bB 0.80±0.02bB
SFA 3748.03±124.56cB 4808.64±87.14bAC 2883.56±184.25dB 2123.09±214.29fD 3574.97±321.59ceB 5014.23±365.56aA
UFA 729.35±45.26bB 298.92±23.54fD 727.26±32.05bdB 427.40±54.26ec 1494.25±21.49aA 552.04±32.56cB
MUFA 82.45±15.24b 80.70±8.71b 51.84±6.12a 90.83±9.06b 109.42±7.16b 177.10±5.48c
PUFA 646.90±69.79bdBC 218.23±45.56eC 675.42±25.56bBD 336.57±18.59cfC 1384.83±359.26aA 374.94±65.21cBC
TUFA 4475.40±245.21b 5105.68±184.26ac 3609.10±154.48d 2548.65±256.56f 5068.42±96.25abe 5565.47±326.25a
UFA:SFA 0.19±0.01b 0.06±0.01a 0.25±0.02bd 0.20±0.01b 0.42±0.03c 0.11±0.06ab
MUFA:SFA 0.02±0.01a 0.02±0.02a 0.02±0.01a 0.04±0.02a 0.03±0.02a 0.04±0.02a
PUFA:SFA 0.17±0.03b 0.05±0.03a 0.23±0.05bc 0.16±0.03bd 0.39±0.06c 0.07±0.04ac
SFA+MUFA 3830.48±65.58c 4889.34±114.24ab 2935.40±38.94c 2213.92±74.15d 3684.39±69.45c 5191.33±248.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455174152192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同排酸时间牛肉脂肪酸变化规律(湿基基础, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸/(mg/100 g) 排酸时间/h
12 24 48 72 96 120
十三烷酸甲酯(C13:0) 0.07±0.09a 0.05±0.01a 0.12±0.00a 0.06±0.01a 0.04±0.03a 0.07±0.06a
肉豆蔻酸甲酯(C14:0) 1.34±0.02beB 0.60±0.01bdB 0.21±0.02dB 0.97±0.03bdB 2.97±0.57aA 2.45±0.10acAB
肉豆蔻烯酸甲酯(C14:1) 3.50±0.07cB 5.08±0.10bAC 3.60±0.06cB 2.78±0.10ceBE 0.84±0.15dD 6.36±0.59aA
十五烷酸甲酯(C15:0) 0.21±0.01dC 3.37±0.00aA 0.05±0.00dC 0.12±0.01dC 0.49±0.10cBC 0.68±0.10bBD
顺-10-十五碳烯酸甲酯(C15:1) 1.86±0.01bdB 3.10±0.00aA 1.91±0.02bB 1.04±0.02cB 1.27±0.47bcB 1.00±0.03cB
棕榈酸甲酯(C16:0) 11.02±2.13bAB 43.26±8.90aA 3.68±1.10bB 4.64±0.03bB 26.66±7.11abAB 24.16±2.14abAB
棕榈油酸甲酯(C16:1) 21.63±0.51cfBE 27.74±1.74abAC 12.09±1.23eD 21.92±3.56cB 25.62±2.07bdAB 29.46±0.21aA
十七酸甲酯(C17:0) 1241.29±27.66bdB 1173.42±17.39bcBD 665.69±4.98cC 851.36±10.52cBC 2256.49±282.94aA 1314.09±151.56beB
顺-10-庚酸甲酯(C17:1) 2.08±0.11a 5.07±0.12a 6.24±0.87a 1.57±0.37a 2.94±0.80a 2.57±0.25a
硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) 17.13±0.03bcBC 16.15±0.64bcBC 8.56±0.03cC 19.72±0.29bdBD 24.83±1.69abAB 31.13±4.42aA
反油酸甲酯(C18:1n9t) 22.63±0.15cBC 16.38±0.03cBC 10.08±0.01cC 29.49±0.46bcBC 40.57±2.68bBDd 76.67±10.61aA
油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c) 21.39±0.07bcBC 15.07±0.97cC 9.74±0.52cC 26.57±0.93bcBC 33.98±4.04bdBD 55.93±6.93aA
反亚油酸甲酯(C18:2n6t) 25.30±0.28acAB 34.17±0.13aA 26.64±0.78aAB 14.52±1.92bB 14.58±2.86bB 28.17±4.73aAB
亚油酸甲酯(C18:2n6c) 18.32±0.59abAB 23.90±0.31aA 18.57±0.38abAB 11.92±0.73bcB 9.11±0.78cB 16.16±1.25bdAb
反亚麻酸甲酯(C18:3n6) 19.06±1.80ab 28.22±0.24a 9.54±0.12b 13.72±0.21b 16.56±2.07ab 27.07±6.06ac
亚麻酸甲酯(C18:3n3) 23.13±0.62bcB 45.47±0.13aA 20.96±0.03bcBC 5.04±0.12cC 12.22±1.58cBC 28.19±5.54bAB
花生酸甲酯(C20:0) 85.36±2.07abAB 51.96±1.37bB 86.03±1.87abAB 70.80±0.75bAB 110.17±11.44abAB 136.25±30.39aA
顺-11-二十碳烯酸甲酯(C20:1) 0.85±0.52a 1.37±0.08a 0.78±0.03a 0.90±0.69a 1.06±0.21a 1.30±0.58a
顺-11,14二十碳二烯酸甲酯(C20:2) 555.27±25.89bdB 63.87±17.75dC 592.41±14.73bB 284.25±13.25cB 1326.12±16.37aA 254.97±11.29ceBD
二十一烷酸甲酯(C21:0) 1545.84±123.44BE 3216.66±45.59A 1647.19±58.62B 762.41±35.47D 823.16±63.17D 2849.52±404.47AC
顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(C20:3n6) 1.06±0.03C 1.23±0.02C 1.11±0.01C 1.99±0.01B 0.99±0.03C 2.89±0.33A
顺-11,14, 17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(C20:3n3) 1.56±0.06aA 1.60±0.01bdB 1.41±0.01bcB 1.58±0.01bcB 1.93±0.09bcB 3.49±0.43cB
顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(C20:5) 3.19±0.09B 4.17±0.03A 3.17±0.00BD 2.57±0.01C 2.53±0.09C 2.69±0.17C
二十二烷酸甲酯(C22:0) 769.22±12.69aA 290.47±5.65cdCD 426.38±23.19cC 338.83±7.59cdCD 209.75±46.40dD 602.74±68.80bB
芥酸甲酯(C22:1) 6.53±0.16a 4.99±0.17a 5.68±0.15a 4.70±0.93a 2.34±2.05a 3.00±0.44a
顺-13,16-二十二碳二烯酸(C22:2) - 15.59±0.22A 1.61±1.14C 0.98±1.32C 0.80±0.26C 11.30±0.96B
二十三碳酸甲酯(C23:0) 72.17±3.76abAB 10.35±0.84bB 41.03±0.20bAB 70.47±1.57abAB 117.51±14.21aA 52.13±10.93abAB
木蜡酸甲酯(C24:0) 4.39±0.11aA 2.41±0.11bAC 4.63±0.00cB 3.72±0.02dD 2.90±0.13eE 1.06±0.00fF
神经酸甲酯(C24:1) 1.99±0.33aA 1.89±0.57aA 1.72±0.10acAB 1.84±0.01aAC 0.80±0.08bB 0.80±0.02bB
SFA 3748.03±124.56cB 4808.64±87.14bAC 2883.56±184.25dB 2123.09±214.29fD 3574.97±321.59ceB 5014.23±365.56aA
UFA 729.35±45.26bB 298.92±23.54fD 727.26±32.05bdB 427.40±54.26ec 1494.25±21.49aA 552.04±32.56cB
MUFA 82.45±15.24b 80.70±8.71b 51.84±6.12a 90.83±9.06b 109.42±7.16b 177.10±5.48c
PUFA 646.90±69.79bdBC 218.23±45.56eC 675.42±25.56bBD 336.57±18.59cfC 1384.83±359.26aA 374.94±65.21cBC
TUFA 4475.40±245.21b 5105.68±184.26ac 3609.10±154.48d 2548.65±256.56f 5068.42±96.25abe 5565.47±326.25a
UFA:SFA 0.19±0.01b 0.06±0.01a 0.25±0.02bd 0.20±0.01b 0.42±0.03c 0.11±0.06ab
MUFA:SFA 0.02±0.01a 0.02±0.02a 0.02±0.01a 0.04±0.02a 0.03±0.02a 0.04±0.02a
PUFA:SFA 0.17±0.03b 0.05±0.03a 0.23±0.05bc 0.16±0.03bd 0.39±0.06c 0.07±0.04ac
SFA+MUFA 3830.48±65.58c 4889.34±114.24ab 2935.40±38.94c 2213.92±74.15d 3684.39±69.45c 5191.33±248.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455325147137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Standardized data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 排酸
12 h
排酸
24 h
排酸
48 h
排酸
72 h
排酸
96 h
排酸
120 h
X1水分 -1.51 0.07 0.26 1.53 0.17 -0.53
X2肉嫩度 0.96 0.79 0.24 0.21 -0.44 -1.77
X3肌苷酸 0.66 0.31 0.67 0.89 -1.31 -1.23
X4加压失水率 -1.90 -0.22 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.95
X5鲜味氨基酸 -1.09 1.02 -0.74 -0.74 1.25 0.31
X6甜味氨基酸 -1.82 0.09 -0.24 0.22 0.95 0.81
X7苦味氨基酸 -1.59 1.16 -0.14 0.59 0.59 -0.62
X8硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) -0.32 -0.44 -1.42 0.02 0.68 1.49
X9油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c) -0.35 -0.73 -1.05 -0.03 0.42 1.75
X10 SFA+MUFA 0.04 0.97 -0.76 -1.39 -0.09 1.24
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455388061698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

标准化数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 排酸
12 h
排酸
24 h
排酸
48 h
排酸
72 h
排酸
96 h
排酸
120 h
X1水分 -1.51 0.07 0.26 1.53 0.17 -0.53
X2肉嫩度 0.96 0.79 0.24 0.21 -0.44 -1.77
X3肌苷酸 0.66 0.31 0.67 0.89 -1.31 -1.23
X4加压失水率 -1.90 -0.22 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.95
X5鲜味氨基酸 -1.09 1.02 -0.74 -0.74 1.25 0.31
X6甜味氨基酸 -1.82 0.09 -0.24 0.22 0.95 0.81
X7苦味氨基酸 -1.59 1.16 -0.14 0.59 0.59 -0.62
X8硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) -0.32 -0.44 -1.42 0.02 0.68 1.49
X9油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c) -0.35 -0.73 -1.05 -0.03 0.42 1.75
X10 SFA+MUFA 0.04 0.97 -0.76 -1.39 -0.09 1.24
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455446781955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Eigenvalue and contribution rate of principal component

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分 初始特征值 提取平方和载入
合计 方差
贡献率/%
累积方差
贡献率/%
合计 方差
贡献率/%
累积方差
贡献率/%
1 5.165 51.645 51.645 5.165 51.645 51.645
2 2.833 28.330 79.975 2.833 28.330 79.975
3 1.344 13.438 93.413 1.344 13.438 93.413
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455513890820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

主成分特征值和贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分 初始特征值 提取平方和载入
合计 方差
贡献率/%
累积方差
贡献率/%
合计 方差
贡献率/%
累积方差
贡献率/%
1 5.165 51.645 51.645 5.165 51.645 51.645
2 2.833 28.330 79.975 2.833 28.330 79.975
3 1.344 13.438 93.413 1.344 13.438 93.413
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455572611077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Principal component score coefficient matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 主成分
1 2 3
X1水分 0.026 0.332 -0.187
X2嫩度 -0.172 0.059 0.281
X3肌苷酸 -0.174 0.097 -0.092
X4加压失水率 0.144 0.185 -0.197
X5鲜味氨基酸 0.138 0.060 0.494
X6甜味氨基酸 0.170 0.166 0.000
X7苦味氨基酸 0.057 0.299 0.312
X8硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) 0.162 -0.124 -0.119
X9油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c) 0.160 -0.141 -0.248
X10 SFA+MUFA 0.095 -0.199 0.407
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455648108550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

主成分得分系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 主成分
1 2 3
X1水分 0.026 0.332 -0.187
X2嫩度 -0.172 0.059 0.281
X3肌苷酸 -0.174 0.097 -0.092
X4加压失水率 0.144 0.185 -0.197
X5鲜味氨基酸 0.138 0.060 0.494
X6甜味氨基酸 0.170 0.166 0.000
X7苦味氨基酸 0.057 0.299 0.312
X8硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) 0.162 -0.124 -0.119
X9油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c) 0.160 -0.141 -0.248
X10 SFA+MUFA 0.095 -0.199 0.407
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455711023111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Principal component score and composite score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排酸时间/h F1 F2 F3 F 排序
12 -1.247 -1.494 -0.028 -1.071 6
24 -0.093 0.447 1.718 0.309 3
48 -0.718 0.585 -0.407 -0.259 5
72 -0.258 1.128 -1.130 0.034 4
96 0.899 0.257 0.470 0.600 1
120 1.426 -0.935 -0.619 0.388 2
), ArticleFig(id=1173278455769743368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433698310541843, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

主成分得分和综合得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排酸时间/h F1 F2 F3 F 排序
12 -1.247 -1.494 -0.028 -1.071 6
24 -0.093 0.447 1.718 0.309 3
48 -0.718 0.585 -0.407 -0.259 5
72 -0.258 1.128 -1.130 0.034 4
96 0.899 0.257 0.470 0.600 1
120 1.426 -0.935 -0.619 0.388 2
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排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响
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刘丽宅 # , 于丽 # , 赵洛冰 , 王蕾 , 吴健 , 秦立红 , 刘笑笑 * , 赵玉民 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(7): 273-281
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(7): 273-281
排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响
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刘丽宅# , 于丽# , 赵洛冰, 王蕾, 吴健, 秦立红, 刘笑笑* , 赵玉民*
作者信息
  • 吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)/农业农村部肉牛遗传育种重点实验室/吉林省肉用草食家畜生产技术国际联合研究中心, 长春 130033
  • 刘丽宅(1900—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:

    于丽(1989—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 刘笑笑(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:
赵玉民(1964—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为肉牛遗传育种研究。E-mail:
Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef
Li-Zhai LIU , Li YU , Luo-Bing ZHAO, Lei WANG, Jian WU, Li-Hong QIN, Xiao-Xiao LIU* , Yu-Min ZHAO*
Affiliations
  • Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China)/Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for Meat Herbivirous Livestock Production Technology, Changchun 130033, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015009
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目的 探究高档牛肉的适宜排酸时间。方法 选取沃金黑牛背最长肌为试验材料, 在4 °C的排酸库中分别排酸12、24、48、72、96、120 h, 并对牛肉水分、加压失水率、嫩度、肌苷酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸进行综合分析, 对不同排酸时间下嫩度及风味组成的指标进行主成分分析。结果 不同排酸时间之间牛肉水分的差异不显著(P>0.05), 随着排酸时间的延长加压失水率呈现逐渐增大的趋势, 排酸120 h时加压失水率达到最大值(34.84±0.39)%; 嫩度呈现逐渐下降的趋势, 到120 h时嫩度达到最低值(24.42±5.04) N。排酸时间为72 h时肌苷酸含量达到最高值(185.2±10.3) mg/100 g。鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸在排酸96 h时达到最高值, 苦味氨基酸在12 h时达到最小值; 排酸120 h时饱和脂肪酸+单不饱和脂肪酸、硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)、油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)的含量最高。主成分分析与综合因子评分结果显示排酸96 h的嫩度、挥发性风味化合物综合评分显著高于其他排酸时间, 该排酸时间最利于牛肉中挥发性风味物质的形成。结论 排酸96 h有利于提升高档牛肉的嫩度与风味。

沃金黑牛肉  /  排酸时间  /  嫩度  /  风味物质

Objective To explore the optimal aging time for high-quality beef. Methods The longissimus dorsi muscle of Wokin black cattle was selected as the experimental material. The beef was aged in a chilling room at 4 °C for 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on the beef’s moisture content, pressurized water loss rate, tenderness, inosinic acid, amino acids and fatty acids. Principal component analysis was performed on tenderness and flavor composition indicators under different aging times. Results The moisture content of beef showed no significant differences among different aging times (P>0.05). The pressurized water loss rate gradually increased with prolonged aging time, reaching its maximum value of (34.84±0.39)% at 120 hours. Tenderness gradually decreased, reaching its lowest value of (24.42±5.04) N at 120 hours. The inosinic acid content peaked at (185.2±10.3) mg/100 g after 72 hours of aging. Umami and sweet amino acids reached their highest levels at 96 hours, while bitter amino acids reached their lowest levels at 12 hours. The content of saturated fatty acids+monounsaturated fatty acids, Methyl stearate (C18:0), and methanol oleate (C18:1n9c) were highest at 120 hours. Principal component analysis and comprehensive factor scoring results indicated that the tenderness and volatile flavor compounds of beef aged for 96 hours scored significantly higher than those aged for other durations. This aging time was most conducive to the formation of volatile flavor compounds in beef. Conclusion Aging for 96 hours is beneficial for enhancing the tenderness and flavor of high-quality beef.

Woking black cattle beef  /  aging time  /  tenderness  /  flavor substances
刘丽宅, 于丽, 赵洛冰, 王蕾, 吴健, 秦立红, 刘笑笑, 赵玉民. 排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 273 -281 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015009
Li-Zhai LIU, Li YU, Luo-Bing ZHAO, Lei WANG, Jian WU, Li-Hong QIN, Xiao-Xiao LIU, Yu-Min ZHAO. Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 273 -281 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015009
近年来, 消费者对高档牛肉的需求明显上升, 中低档牛肉难以满足人们对牛肉品质的更高追求。高档牛肉肌内脂肪含量较高, 肌内脂肪与牛肉嫩度、风味密切相关, 因此, 高档牛肉肉质鲜美、营养丰富[1]。沃金黑牛是以引进黑毛和牛为父本, 以延边牛为母本经级进杂交、横交固定(黑毛和牛3/4血统)、自群选育提高而形成的具备生产高档雪花牛肉能力的新种群[23]。沃金黑牛与普通牛肉相比大理石花纹结构更加细密, 肉质剖面呈雪花状, 颜色鲜亮、肉质细腻、肌纤维细嫩, 香美可口。沃金黑牛已成为国内高端的肉牛品种, 皓月集团最闪亮的自主商业品牌, 受到市场和消费者的广泛好评。目前, 沃金黑牛已申报国家肉牛新资源, 未来沃金黑牛拥有更加广阔的市场前景[4-5]
牛宰杀后肌肉会通过糖酵解反应产生腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate, ATP)、乳酸, 释放H+, 降低pH, 该过程会影响牛肉的嫩度、弹性、韧性等[6]。牛肉在常温下存储时, 硬度增加, 嫩度降低, 风味不佳, 肉品质下降[7-8]。为了提高牛肉的品质, 牛在宰杀后, 需要进行一段时间的低温“排酸”处理。牛肉排酸是指牛在被屠宰后, 身体内部进行无氧呼吸, 产生大量乳酸, 在一定的温度、湿度和风速下, 使乳酸分解成二氧化碳和水, 同时有鲜味物质肌苷生成, 排酸肉的酸碱度被改变, 使肉质鲜嫩, 利于人体消化吸收[9]
排酸肉经过较为充分的解僵成熟过程后, 可以使牛肉变得柔嫩多汁, 具有良好的滋味和口感。排酸过程是一种有效提高牛肉品质的手段。排酸过程中肉的品质变化是当下的研究热点[10-12]。严诗慧等[13]对排酸处理后的湘南黄牛肉进行了研究, 发现湘南黄牛在排酸后脂肪酸含量改变, 风味物质提高。王恒鹏等[14]通过主成分分析得出排酸7 d利于牛肉中挥发性风味物质的形成。王海波等[15]研究发现排酸7 d有利于提升高档育肥安格斯牛肉风味的丰富度, 干式排酸较湿式排酸对高档牛肉风味改善作用更佳。然而, 宰后排酸的实施在提高牛肉食用品质的同时会对肉的颜色、抗氧化性能、脂质及蛋白质稳定性产生负面影响[16]。因此牛肉排酸时间的确定将直接决定肉的综合品质。目前, 国内高档牛肉排酸技术的发展相对较为缓慢, 针对沃金黑牛肉的研究较少, 刘丽宅等[17]对沃金黑牛母牛与阉公牛牛肉品质比较及影响因素进行了分析, 研究表明阉公牛脂肪酸含量与母牛差异显著, 氨基酸含量、质构指标之间差异不显著。沃金黑牛肉不同排酸时间下嫩度、风味物质变化规律, 排酸技术的研究鲜少见报道, 针对高档牛肉排酸的技术亟需研发, 研究牛肉排酸过程中嫩度、风味变化规律, 为高档牛肉排酸技术的研发提供理论支撑。
本研究以沃金黑牛的背最长肌为研究对象, 测定牛肉排酸12~120 h期间的水分、加压失水率、嫩度、肌苷酸、脂肪酸, 对牛肉排酸过程中的嫩度、风味物质变化规律进行研究, 为沃金黑牛牛肉实际生产提供一定的指导, 为高档牛肉排酸技术的研发提供理论支撑, 提高沃金黑牛的牛肉品质。
选取6头同一品种、月龄接近的沃金黑牛, 经过同一饲养条件育肥后进行屠宰。取12~13肋背最长肌, 分割成块状, 将分割并包装好的牛肉放入4 ℃冰箱进行冷却, 当牛肉中心温度达4 ℃后, 继续成熟至12、24、48、72、96、120 h。将经排酸12、24、48、72、96、120 h后的牛肉取回实验室进行检测。
16种氨基酸混合标准品(纯度99.9%, 德国塞卡姆公司); 37种脂肪酸甲酯混合标准品(纯度99.4%~99.8%, 广州广电计量检测股份有限公司); 茚三酮(纯度99%, 德国塞卡姆公司); 三氟化硼甲醇溶液(浓度为15%, 长春飞凯生物有限公司); 苯酚(分析纯)、高氯酸(电子纯)、三乙胺(分析纯)、石油醚(分析纯)、无水乙醚(分析纯)、无水乙醇(色谱纯)、正己烷(色谱纯)、甲醇(色谱纯)(吉林省金泰化玻有限公司)。
XS105DU电子天平[感量0.0001 g, 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]; DHG-9123A电热鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); RH-1000肉品系水力仪(广州润湖仪器有限公司); HSC-24B氮吹浓缩装仪(天津恒奥科技有限公司); S-433D全自动氨基酸分析仪(德国塞卡姆公司); 8890-7000D气相色谱-质谱联用仪(美国安捷伦公司); DB-Fast Fame色谱柱(30 m×250 µm, 0.25 µm)(美国安捷伦公司)。
水分按照GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中的第一法进行测定; 加压失水率、嫩度按照NY/T 2793—2015《肉的食用品质客观评价方法》中的检测方法进行测定; 肌苷酸按照T/NAIA 003—2020《肌肉中肌苷 肌苷酸的测定 高效液相色谱法》中的检测方法测定; 氨基酸按照GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》中的检测方法测定。
脂肪酸测定: 参照GB 5009.168—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪酸的测定》中的第二法进行水解、提取、甲酯化。气相色谱条件: 进样口280 ℃, 进样模式为不分流, DB-Fast Fame色谱柱(30 m×250 µm, 0.25 µm), 色谱柱流量为1 mL/min, 传输线温度为280 ℃, 柱箱升温程序为: 初始值80 ℃, 保持0.5 min; 梯度一速率为40 ℃/min, 至165 ℃, 保持时间1 min; 梯度二速率为4 ℃/min, 至230 ℃, 保持时间4 min。运行时间约为23 min。后运行温度为260 ℃, 时间为5 min。质谱条件: 电子能量为70 eV, 溶剂延迟时间为2 min, 运行时间为1 min。
数据均采用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析、方差分析、主成分分析, 差异显著采用Duncan及Tukey作多重比较, 结果均以平均值±标准偏差表示, P<0.05表示差异显著, P<0.01表示差异极显著。
表1可以得出, 随着排酸时间的延长牛肉水分先缓慢增加, 到96 h时缓慢下降, 24、48、96、120 h时牛肉水分相互之间差异不显著(P>0.05), 与其余排酸时间水分之间差异显著(P<0.05)。牛肉排酸嫩化过程中12 h时加压失水率为最低(20.38±1.19)%, 随着排酸时间的延长加压失水率呈现逐渐增大的趋势, 排酸12 h时的加压失水率与排酸24 、48、72、96、120 h加压失水率之间均差异极显著(P<0.01), 这是由于在排酸的前72 h, 牛肉处于僵直状态, 牛肉组织中的自由水不断外渗, 导致加压失水率不断增大, 保水性逐渐变差; 排酸48、72、96、120 h加压失水率相互之间差异均不显著(P>0.05), 排酸96 h时加压失水率有所降低, 排酸120 h时加压失水率达到最大值(34.84±0.39)%, 但是排酸96 h与120 h之间差异均不显著(P>0.05), 说明宰后牛肉经过僵直后肌肉变硬, 保水性下降, 解僵、成熟后保水性上升, 但无法恢复热鲜肉状态[18]
刀具切割肉所用的剪切力峰值即为肉样的嫩度值, 剪切力是评判牛肉嫩度的最直接指标, 剪切力值越小, 说明肌肉越嫩[13]。随着排酸时间的延长牛肉的剪切力呈现逐渐下降的趋势, 排酸12 h时牛肉的剪切力最大(59.17±16.18) N, 排酸12 h时与24 h时牛肉剪切力之间差异不显著(P>0.05), 排酸48 h时与72 h时牛肉剪切力之间差异不显著(P>0.05), 到120 h时剪切力达到最低值(24.42±5.04) N, 与其余排酸时间牛肉剪切力相比极显著降低(P<0.01), 说明随着排酸时间的延长, 肉质排酸成熟变化速度较快。牛肉冷却排酸12 h到96 h进入僵直期的过程较慢, 嫩度呈现缓慢下降的变化趋势, 排酸120 h时进入肌肉成熟阶段, 肌肉逐渐变软、嫩度下降较快。WANG等[19]研究表明肌肉的保水性与肉的嫩度密切相关, 保水性越高, 肉的品质越好。嫩度下降可能的原因是排酸过程中, 牛肉的骨架蛋白发生降解、变性, 保水性提高, 导致嫩度值明显下降, 表明通过排酸技术手段可以极大地改善牛肉嫩度。
近年来, 国内外学者对于如何提高畜肉质风味做了大量的研究, 研究表明, 在众多畜肉质风味的评价指标中肌苷酸是研究者们公认的畜肉质鲜味最重要的表达及检测物质[20-21]。由表2可以得出, 排酸时间为72 h时肌苷酸含量达到最高值(185.2±10.3) mg/100 g, 说明延长排酸时间可以有效改善牛肉鲜味和风味, 但是72 h之后再延长排酸时间肌苷酸含量极显著(P<0.01)下降, 可能是因为随着时间的延长ATP酶活化, ATP在ATP酶的作用下分解生成二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate, ADP), ADP在肌酸激酶的作用下分解生成一磷酸腺苷(adenosine monophosphate, AMP), AMP在腺苷酸脱氨酶作用下脱氨形成肌苷酸, 但是随着时间的延长磷酸脂酶和核苷水解酶增加, 从而促进了肌苷酸的降解反应, 肌苷酸含量下降明显[22]。因此, 以肌苷酸为主要的风味物质进行筛选, 排酸时间72 h为最佳。
表3可知, 从氨基酸组成方面, 随着排酸时间的延长牛肉中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸呈现先增大后减小的趋势。
当排酸时间为96 h时, 苏氨酸的含量显著高于排酸12 h时(P<0.05)。当排酸时间为96 h、120 h时, 丝氨酸的含量显著高于排酸12 h时(P<0.05)。当排酸时间为120 h时, 甘氨酸的含量显著高于排酸12 h时(P<0.05)。当排酸时间为96 h、120 h时, 丙氨酸的含量显著高于排酸12 h (P<0.05)。当排酸时间为96 h、120 h时, 缬氨酸的含量显著高于排酸24、48、72 h (P<0.05), 其余各氨基酸各排酸时间之间的氨基酸含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
研究表明, 氨基酸的种类及含量与肉质和风味紧密相关。在氨基酸分类组成中, 鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸在排酸96 h时达到最高值, 苦味氨基酸在12 h时达到最小值。鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸各排酸时间之间的氨基酸含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。排酸后牛肉各个排酸时间之间的氨基酸总量差异不显著(P>0.05)。氨基酸的种类、含量直接影响牛肉的口感滋味。谷氨酸是主要的鲜味氨基酸, 一般认为谷氨酸含量高, 能增加肉的滋味与香气, 改善肉品质, 属于优质型牛肉, 适合于加工成风味食品, 本研究中排酸时间为96 h时谷氨酸含量最高。赖氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸是主要的甜味氨基酸, 排酸96 h时甜味氨基酸含量最高。亮氨酸和赖氨酸在苦味氨基酸中占比高, 随着排酸时间的延长, 苦味氨基酸变化较缓慢。因此排酸96 h的处理有改善牛肉风味和滋味的潜质。
脂肪酸被认为是肉类风味的主要来源[23-24], 其组成及含量是肉品质评价的重要依据。在沃金黑牛牛肉样品中共检出29种脂肪酸, 包括11种饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid, SFA), 18种不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acid, UFA), 其中7种单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA)以及11种多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA), 如表4。脂肪酸总含量在排酸12~24 h明显增大, 差异显著(P<0.01)。在排酸24~72 h过程中逐渐减小, 72~120 h过程中逐渐增大, 这主要与牛肉中水分变化、肌内脂肪含量不均匀以及排酸过程中脂肪氧化裂解有关。脂肪酸含量可作为牛肉品质评价指标之一, 可在一定程度上反映牛肉的多汁性和嫩度[25]。随着排酸时间的延长, 脂肪酸含量增高, 说明在排酸120h时肉具有较好的多汁性和嫩度等品质。研究发现肉中SFA+MUFA的含量越高, 肉的嫩度、多汁性和风味越好, 而PUFA含量过高则相反[26], SFA+MUFA的含量在排酸120 h时达到最高值, 占脂肪酸总量的93%左右, PUFA含量较低, 说明排酸120 h肉的风味较好。牛肉的营养价值一般常用PUFA与SFA的比例(P/S)衡量[11], 合理的营养推荐值≥0.45[27], 排酸96 h时PUFA:SFA最高为0.39, 接近于营养建议值。
UFA、PUFA的含量均在96 h达到最高值, SFA、MUFA均在120 h达到最高值。SFA的含量占比最高的是二十一烷酸, 研究发现, 硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)是肉膻味产生的主要物质[28]。排酸12~48 h硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)逐渐减小, 48~120 h硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)显著增大(P<0.01), 排酸120 h时硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)达到最高值, 说明随着排酸时间的延长膻味越来越强烈。MUFA含量以油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)含量最高, 排酸12~24 h, 油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)含量显著降低(P<0.01), 排酸24~120 h油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)含量显著增大(P<0.01), 排酸120 h时油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)含量达到最高值。研究表明, 油酸(C18:1n9c)甲酯含量较高, 可改善肉品风味。油酸(C18:1n9c)甲酯被认为是脂质氧化反应中2-庚烯醛、2-辛烯醛、1-辛醇、1-壬醇等物质的前体物质[29]。在PUFA中主要以花生酸甲酯(C20:0)为主, 含量远高于其他PUFA; 排酸12~48 h, 花生酸甲酯(C20:0)含量显著降低(P<0.01), 排酸48~120 h花生酸甲酯(C20:0)含量呈现显著增大趋势(P<0.01)。按照种类来看, 属于ω-6型PUFA有3种, 为顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(C20:3n6)、反亚油酸甲酯(C18:1n9t)、亚油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)。ω-3型PUFA有3种, 分别为亚麻酸甲酯(C18:2n6c)、反亚麻酸甲酯(C18:2n6t)、顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸甲酯(C20:5), 亚麻酸甲酯(C18:2n6c)必须通过饮食摄取, 亚麻酸甲酯(C18:2n6c)在排酸24 h时达到最大值。综上所述, 硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)、油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)、SFA+MUFA的含量为影响沃金黑牛风味的主要脂肪酸, 排酸时间120 h时牛肉风味较好。
随着排酸时间的延长, 影响沃金黑牛肉嫩度、风味物质成分指标差异无明显规律, 无法直接通过检测数据判断牛肉风味品质的优劣, 且指标较多, 很难直接采用数据进行对比分析。为避免对评价结果判定干扰, 选择水分、肉嫩度、肌苷酸、加压失水率、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)、油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)、SFA+MUFA等10个指标, 采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行标准化处理, 主成分分析是利用降维方式, 将多指标简化为少数综合性指标, 并能保留原指标的大部分信息, 比单一评价更加准确[30-32]。标准化处理后的结果见表5。对数据进行标准化处理后, 得到影响沃金黑牛牛肉风味物质成分指标主成分的特征值、方差贡献率和累积方差贡献率见表6。提取主成分的依据为特征值大于1或累计方差贡献率大于85%, 此时提取的主成分能损失较少的信息并对数据进行充分的概括。由表6图12可知, 各个成分指标含量对不同时间排酸牛肉影响较大, 不同排酸时间的各成分指标都在95%置信区间内。同时, 主成分和各测定指标之间存在相关性。排名前3的主成分方差贡献率分别为51.645%、28.330%、13.438%, 累积方差贡献率为93.413%, 特征值分别为5.165、2.833、1.344。
由主成分得分系数阵表7所得模型如公式(1)~(3):
F1=0.026X1-0.172X2-0.174X3+0.144X4+0.138X5+0.170X6+0.057X7+0.162X8+0.160X9+0.095X10
F2=0.332X1+0.059X2+0.097X3+0.185X4+0.060X5+0.166X6+0.299X7-0.124X8-0.141X9-0.199X10
F3=-0.187X1+0.281X2-0.092X3-0.197X4+0.494X5+0.000X6+0.312X7-0.119X8-0.248X9+0.407X10
式中: F1~F3表示第1~3个主成分的特征向量权重值; X1~X10表示不同排酸时间影响沃金黑牛牛肉风味物质成分指标的含量数据标准化后的结果。以各主成分对应方差贡献率为权重, 根据主成分得分和对应的权重线性加权求和得到主成分的综合得分模型为: F=0.51645F1+0.28330F2+ 0.13438F3。将不同排酸时间影响沃金黑牛牛肉风味物质成分指标的含量数据标准化后的数据分别代入F1~F3函数式中, 再将该得分代入F式中, 即可得到不同排酸时间沃金黑牛牛肉风味物质品质综合评分, 随后进行排序, 且综合主成分F值越大, 说明该排酸时间段沃金黑牛牛肉产生的风味物质最佳。由表8可知, 依据得分大小对沃金黑牛牛肉进行评价, 排酸96 h得分最高, 排酸12 h肉风味物质综合排名最低。
本研究通过研究不同排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响, 发现排酸时间为120 h时, 嫩度最好, 嫩度值达(24.42±5.04) N; 排酸时间为72 h时, 风味最好, 肌苷酸值达(185.2±10.3)mg/100 g; 排酸96 h时鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸达到最高值; 排酸时间120 h时, 风味脂肪酸硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0)、油酸甲酯(C18:1n9c)、SFA+MUFA的含量最高。
通过主成分特征值和特征向量分析, 发现排酸96 h时综合评分最高。研究表明随着排酸时间的延长, 沃金黑牛牛肉嫩度改善较为明显, 在适宜排酸时间下, 对沃金黑牛肉嫩度具有显著的影响, 综合考虑沃金黑牛肉嫩度与风味的变化规律, 经测定与分析, 最终确定冷却排酸时间为96 h时, 沃金黑牛肉嫩度与风味较好。
  • 吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH049)
  • 吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH044)
  • 吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH039)
  • 吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC202303GH)
  • 国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015009
  • 接收时间:2024-10-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15
基金
吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH049)
吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH044)
吉林省科技厅肉牛产业化发展重大科技专项(YDZJ202203CGZH039)
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC202303GH)
国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)
作者信息
    吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)/农业农村部肉牛遗传育种重点实验室/吉林省肉用草食家畜生产技术国际联合研究中心, 长春 130033

通讯作者:

* 刘笑笑(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为畜产品质量安全评价与检测技术。E-mail:
赵玉民(1964—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为肉牛遗传育种研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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