Article(id=1153986649584292390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729526400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061457296, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061457296, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061457296, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061457296, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=147, endPage=153, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986650188272169, articleId=1153986649584292390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on flavor compounds and fermentation technology of sour bamboo shoots, columnId=1153433635433730748, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Comprehensive Utilization and Quality Safety of Agricultural Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Chinese sour bamboo shoot, as a traditional fermented food, is mainly made from fresh bamboo shoots through natural fermentation or inoculated fermentation. It is widely popular in Southern China due to its unique flavor and rich nutritional content. Sour bamboo shoots are rich in cellulose, vitamins, minerals, and various beneficial microorganisms, offering significant nutritional value. Their distinctive sour taste and aroma primarily originate from volatile and non-volatile compounds produced during the fermentation process, including lactic acid, acetic acid, esters, and alcohols. In recent years, with the development of modern fermentation technology, researchers have made significant progress in the selection of fermentation strains, optimization of fermentation conditions, and product quality control of sour bamboo shoots. This article reviewed the main nutritional components, flavor compounds, and the research progress of its fermentation technology, providing a theoretical basis for improving the production process of pickled bamboo shoots, enhancing product flavor quality, and achieving standardized production.

, correspAuthors=Li-Hua LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-Hua LIN, An-Ping LU, Jing CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986650523816490, articleId=1153986649584292390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=酸笋的风味物质及其发酵技术研究进展, columnId=1153433635601502912, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

酸笋作为一种传统发酵食品, 主要由新鲜竹笋经过自然发酵或人工接种发酵制成, 以其独特的风味和丰富的营养成分在中国南方地区广受欢迎。酸笋富含纤维素、维生素、矿物质及多种有益微生物, 具有较高的营养价值。酸笋特有的酸味和香气主要来自于发酵过程中产生的挥发性和非挥发性化合物, 包括乳酸、醋酸、酯类和醇类等。近年来, 随着现代发酵技术的发展, 研究者在酸笋的发酵菌种筛选、发酵条件优化及产品质量控制等方面取得了显著进展。本文综述了酸笋的主要营养成分、风味物质及其发酵技术的研究进展, 为提高酸笋的生产工艺、改善产品风味品质以及实现标准化生产提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=林丽华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 林丽华(1992—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向食品加工与安全。E-mail:
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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(22): 91-99., articleTitle=Research progress on microorganisms and flavor formation of sour bamboo shoots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233463742631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=71, authorNames=吴锦兰, 付玉麟, 周小玲, journalName=中国酿造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴锦兰, 付玉麟, 周小玲, 等. 酸笋中高产乳酸乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化[J]. 中国酿造, 2021, 40(1): 65-69., articleTitle=酸笋中高产乳酸乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233530851497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=72, authorNames=WU JL, FU YL, ZHOU XL, journalName=China Brewing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU JL, FU YL, ZHOU XL, et al. Screening, identification and fermentation conditions optimization of lactic acid bacteria with high yield lactic acid from sour bamboo shoot[J]. China Brewing, 2021, 40(1): 65-69., articleTitle=Screening, identification and fermentation conditions optimization of lactic acid bacteria with high yield lactic acid from sour bamboo shoot, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233593766062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=135, issue=null, pageStart=106641, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=73, authorNames=QIAO Q, ZHENG PC, KE L, journalName=Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAO Q, ZHENG PC, KE L, et al. Guangxi sour bamboo shoots: A study on microbial diversity and flavor characteristics across regions[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2024, 135: 106641., articleTitle=Guangxi sour bamboo shoots: A study on microbial diversity and flavor characteristics across regions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233665069233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=74, authorNames=WANG DY, HU MY, TANG X, journalName=Food Bioscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG DY, HU MY, TANG X, et al. Characterization of physicochemical properties and flavor profiles of fermented Chinese bamboo shoots (Suansun) from Liuzhou and Guilin[J]. Food Bioscience, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.103125, articleTitle=Characterization of physicochemical properties and flavor profiles of fermented Chinese bamboo shoots (Suansun) from Liuzhou and Guilin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233723789491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=75, authorNames=LI B, ZHANG RZ, DU FF, journalName=International Journal of Electrochemical Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI B, ZHANG RZ, DU FF. Electrochemical monitoring of the fermentation process of sour bamboo shoots[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100124, articleTitle=Electrochemical monitoring of the fermentation process of sour bamboo shoots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233824452789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=76, authorNames=GUAN QQ, KANG XY, QIN XY, journalName=Food Bioscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUAN QQ, KANG XY, QIN XY, et al. Metagenomic analysis of microbial-community structure and function during the fermentation of Suansun, a Chinese traditional bamboo shoot[J]. 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Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 981807., articleTitle=Enhanced mass transfer of pulsed vacuum pressure pickling and changes in quality of sour bamboo shoots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428233937699006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=110, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=78, authorNames=XI S, XIN Z, RAN Y, journalName=Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XI S, XIN Z, RAN Y, et al. Assessing the physiological properties of baker's yeast based on single-cell Raman spectrum technology[J]. Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology, 2025, 10(1): 110-118., articleTitle=Assessing the physiological properties of baker's yeast based on single-cell Raman spectrum technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428234025779393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=10, issue=20, pageStart=e39500, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=79, authorNames=ROHIT D, BUDDHIMAN T, ISHFAQ NN, journalName=Heliyon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROHIT D, BUDDHIMAN T, ISHFAQ NN, et al. Probiotic yeast characterization and fungal amplicon metagenomics analysis of fermented bamboo shoot products from Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(20): e39500., articleTitle=Probiotic yeast characterization and fungal amplicon metagenomics analysis of fermented bamboo shoot products from Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428234092888263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=80, authorNames=ARIBAM I, BABITA J, BANO S, journalName=prepublish, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARIBAM I, BABITA J, BANO S, et al. Nutritional impact of processing techniques on vitamins and minerals in Bambusa nutans shoots[J]. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2024(prepublish): 1-12., articleTitle=Nutritional impact of processing techniques on vitamins and minerals in Bambusa nutans shoots, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1183428226366981074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, awardId=柳职院教字〔2024〕20号, language=CN, fundingSource=大学生创新与创造项目(柳职院教字〔2024〕20号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428226471838676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, awardId=柳职院教字〔2023〕3号, language=CN, fundingSource=“课堂革命”立项建设项目(柳职院教字〔2023〕3号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428226551530454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, awardId=桂教科研〔2024〕1号, language=CN, fundingSource=广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研〔2024〕1号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428223217058676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428223233835893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, companyId=1183428223217058676, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Environment and Food Engineering School, Liuzhou Polytechnic University, Liuzhou 545006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428223271584630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, companyId=1183428223217058676, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.柳州职业技术大学环境与食品工程学院, 柳州 545006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1183428223376442231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428223401608056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, companyId=1183428223376442231, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Liuzhou Agricultural Products Rapid Testing Engineering Technology Center, Liuzhou 545006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428223409996665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, companyId=1183428223376442231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.柳州市农产品快速检测工程技术中心, 柳州 545006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1183428225679115193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main nutritional components of sour bamboo shoots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养成分 类别 含量 来源 参考文献
膳食纤维 纤维素和半纤维素 1.9 g/l00 g 竹笋细胞壁成分 [3]
氨基酸 苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸 0~625.8 mg/kg 预包装柳州螺蛳粉酸笋 [7]
矿物质 187.7 mg/100 g 自然发酵酸笋 [3]
53.3 mg/100 g
14.2 mg/100 g
脂肪 0.1~0.3 g/100 g 自然发酵酸笋 [3]
), ArticleFig(id=1183428225763001276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

酸笋的主要营养成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养成分 类别 含量 来源 参考文献
膳食纤维 纤维素和半纤维素 1.9 g/l00 g 竹笋细胞壁成分 [3]
氨基酸 苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸 0~625.8 mg/kg 预包装柳州螺蛳粉酸笋 [7]
矿物质 187.7 mg/100 g 自然发酵酸笋 [3]
53.3 mg/100 g
14.2 mg/100 g
脂肪 0.1~0.3 g/100 g 自然发酵酸笋 [3]
), ArticleFig(id=1183428225851081663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Key elements of sour bamboo shoot fermentation technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键要素 内容 具体操作
原料 挑选原料 选择新鲜、无病虫害、嫩脆的竹笋作为原料
预处理 清洗、去皮、切割 清洗干净竹笋, 去除外皮和老根, 确保无杂质和泥沙;
切成适当大小片、段或丝, 增大表面积, 有利于发酵
盐渍 加盐处理、腌制 加入适量食盐, 通常为竹笋质量的2%~5%。盐可以抑制腐败菌的生长, 有助于乳酸菌的增殖; 将加盐后的竹笋放入容器中, 压实并加盖, 腌制数小时至数天, 促进初步发酵
发酵容器 挑选容器 陶罐或玻璃罐, 不锈钢罐或食品级塑料桶, 应清洁、无毒无害
发酵菌种 自然发酵接种发酵 依靠竹笋表面和环境中的天然乳酸菌进行发酵;
加入特定的乳酸菌种以控制和加速发酵过程, 确保风味稳定
发酵条件 温度控制
时间控制
20~30 ℃之间
数天至数周不等
监测
调控
pH
酸度
在发酵中定期监测pH, 通常在4.0以下可以达到较好的酸味和防腐效果;
调整盐量和发酵时间来控制最终产品的酸度
密封
防氧
密封发酵
防氧措施
发酵中保持容器密封, 减少氧气进入, 防止杂菌污染和氧化;
必要时可以在发酵容器中加入惰性气体(如氮气)以防止氧化
后处理 成熟储存
包装销售
发酵完成后, 在低温下存放一段时间, 使风味更加均匀和稳定;
将成熟的酸笋包装好, 密封储存, 准备销售或进一步加工
), ArticleFig(id=1183428225934967747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

酸笋发酵技术关键要素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键要素 内容 具体操作
原料 挑选原料 选择新鲜、无病虫害、嫩脆的竹笋作为原料
预处理 清洗、去皮、切割 清洗干净竹笋, 去除外皮和老根, 确保无杂质和泥沙;
切成适当大小片、段或丝, 增大表面积, 有利于发酵
盐渍 加盐处理、腌制 加入适量食盐, 通常为竹笋质量的2%~5%。盐可以抑制腐败菌的生长, 有助于乳酸菌的增殖; 将加盐后的竹笋放入容器中, 压实并加盖, 腌制数小时至数天, 促进初步发酵
发酵容器 挑选容器 陶罐或玻璃罐, 不锈钢罐或食品级塑料桶, 应清洁、无毒无害
发酵菌种 自然发酵接种发酵 依靠竹笋表面和环境中的天然乳酸菌进行发酵;
加入特定的乳酸菌种以控制和加速发酵过程, 确保风味稳定
发酵条件 温度控制
时间控制
20~30 ℃之间
数天至数周不等
监测
调控
pH
酸度
在发酵中定期监测pH, 通常在4.0以下可以达到较好的酸味和防腐效果;
调整盐量和发酵时间来控制最终产品的酸度
密封
防氧
密封发酵
防氧措施
发酵中保持容器密封, 减少氧气进入, 防止杂菌污染和氧化;
必要时可以在发酵容器中加入惰性气体(如氮气)以防止氧化
后处理 成熟储存
包装销售
发酵完成后, 在低温下存放一段时间, 使风味更加均匀和稳定;
将成熟的酸笋包装好, 密封储存, 准备销售或进一步加工
), ArticleFig(id=1183428226006270918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Advantages and disadvantages of the pickling technology of bamboo shoots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
腌制技术 优点 缺点
单一菌种
发酵
(1)较易控制发酵条件(如温度、pH等)结果稳定;
(2)发酵产物的一致性较好, 产品的风味和质地较为统一;
(3)适宜的菌种能有效抑制有害微生物的生长, 保证产品安全
(1)可能导致风味较为单调, 缺乏多样性;
(2)单一菌种对环境的适应性较差, 温度、湿度等环境变化可能影响发酵效果, 容易导致发酵失败或风味不稳定
混合菌种
发酵
(1)能产生多种风味物质, 最终产品风味更加丰富和多样;
(2)不同菌种之间协同作用, 能增强发酵过程的稳定性, 提高抗逆性, 适应环境变化;
(3)不同菌种的相互作用可能使得发酵过程更高效, 减少有害微生物的竞争, 增强产品的风味和营养价值
(1)混合菌种的种群结构复杂, 不同菌种之间的竞争或互助作用可能导致发酵过程难以预测, 增加了控制难度;
(2)混合菌种发酵过程可能会因为菌种之间的相互作用而导致产品质量的波动, 难以实现一致性
盐水发酵 (1)能抑制大多数有害微生物的生长, 从而减少腐败风险, 延长产品的保质期;
(2)所需成本较低, 适合大规模生产
(1)风味较为单一, 缺乏复杂的风味层次;
(2)含盐量较高, 可能对健康不利, 尤其是高血压等疾病患者
盐水与菌种混合发酵 (1)盐水有助于抑制有害微生物, 而菌种发酵则能够增加风味的复杂性和深度, 提升酸笋的风味质量;
(2)菌种的加入能提高发酵的稳定性, 同时盐水提供了一个保护屏障, 减少了污染的风险;
(3)适合在控制条件下进行发酵, 能够更好地保证发酵的卫生安全和营养成分
(1)与单纯的盐水发酵相比, 这种方法需要额外的菌种, 增加成本;
(2)发酵过程中需要较为精细的控制, 以确保菌种的适当使用和盐水的浓度, 过多或过少的盐水可能影响菌种的发酵效果
自然发酵 (1)自然发酵可以保持传统的风味, 呈现出原汁原味的口感, 受到一些消费者的青睐;
(2)不需要额外添加盐水或人工菌种, 更符合自然、无添加的
消费趋势;
(3)不需要添加菌种或额外的发酵剂, 生产成本较低
(1)自然发酵对温度、湿度等环境条件的要求较高, 容易受到季节和天气变化的影响, 导致发酵效果不稳定;
(2)由于没有控制发酵环境和菌种, 容易发生杂菌污染, 导致食品安全问题;
(3)自然发酵通常需要较长时间, 且过程中难以控制发酵的质量和速度
), ArticleFig(id=1183428226102739912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

酸笋腌制技术的优缺点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
腌制技术 优点 缺点
单一菌种
发酵
(1)较易控制发酵条件(如温度、pH等)结果稳定;
(2)发酵产物的一致性较好, 产品的风味和质地较为统一;
(3)适宜的菌种能有效抑制有害微生物的生长, 保证产品安全
(1)可能导致风味较为单调, 缺乏多样性;
(2)单一菌种对环境的适应性较差, 温度、湿度等环境变化可能影响发酵效果, 容易导致发酵失败或风味不稳定
混合菌种
发酵
(1)能产生多种风味物质, 最终产品风味更加丰富和多样;
(2)不同菌种之间协同作用, 能增强发酵过程的稳定性, 提高抗逆性, 适应环境变化;
(3)不同菌种的相互作用可能使得发酵过程更高效, 减少有害微生物的竞争, 增强产品的风味和营养价值
(1)混合菌种的种群结构复杂, 不同菌种之间的竞争或互助作用可能导致发酵过程难以预测, 增加了控制难度;
(2)混合菌种发酵过程可能会因为菌种之间的相互作用而导致产品质量的波动, 难以实现一致性
盐水发酵 (1)能抑制大多数有害微生物的生长, 从而减少腐败风险, 延长产品的保质期;
(2)所需成本较低, 适合大规模生产
(1)风味较为单一, 缺乏复杂的风味层次;
(2)含盐量较高, 可能对健康不利, 尤其是高血压等疾病患者
盐水与菌种混合发酵 (1)盐水有助于抑制有害微生物, 而菌种发酵则能够增加风味的复杂性和深度, 提升酸笋的风味质量;
(2)菌种的加入能提高发酵的稳定性, 同时盐水提供了一个保护屏障, 减少了污染的风险;
(3)适合在控制条件下进行发酵, 能够更好地保证发酵的卫生安全和营养成分
(1)与单纯的盐水发酵相比, 这种方法需要额外的菌种, 增加成本;
(2)发酵过程中需要较为精细的控制, 以确保菌种的适当使用和盐水的浓度, 过多或过少的盐水可能影响菌种的发酵效果
自然发酵 (1)自然发酵可以保持传统的风味, 呈现出原汁原味的口感, 受到一些消费者的青睐;
(2)不需要额外添加盐水或人工菌种, 更符合自然、无添加的
消费趋势;
(3)不需要添加菌种或额外的发酵剂, 生产成本较低
(1)自然发酵对温度、湿度等环境条件的要求较高, 容易受到季节和天气变化的影响, 导致发酵效果不稳定;
(2)由于没有控制发酵环境和菌种, 容易发生杂菌污染, 导致食品安全问题;
(3)自然发酵通常需要较长时间, 且过程中难以控制发酵的质量和速度
), ArticleFig(id=1183428226186625995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Standards for the pickling technology of bamboo shoots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标准名称 颁发单位 颁发时间
DB45/T 2548—2022《酸笋加工技术规程》 广西壮族自治区市场监督管理局 2022-06-24
T/LZLSF 0019—2022《地理标志柳州螺蛳粉原料 第2部分: 柳州酸笋》 柳州市螺蛳粉协会 2022-09-02
T/QYZL 51—2023《西牛麻竹笋 酸笋加工技术规程》 清远市质量管理协会 2023-12-20
DB4502/T 0030—2022《预包装柳州螺蛳粉原料加工技术规程 第2部分: 酸笋》 柳州市市场监督管理局 2022-04-08
T/LZLSF 009.4—2022《柳州螺蛳粉料包 第4部分: 酸笋包》 柳州市螺蛳粉协会 2022-04-20
Q/HCS 0001S—2022《糟辣酸笋》 贵州红赤水集团有限公司 2022-09-08
T/GXAS 289—2022《田林酸笋》 广西标准化协会 2022-04-15
Q/JDX0001S—2010《酸笋》 云南省金平县傣媳妇酸笋厂 2010-08-14
), ArticleFig(id=1183428226249540557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649584292390, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

酸笋腌制技术的标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标准名称 颁发单位 颁发时间
DB45/T 2548—2022《酸笋加工技术规程》 广西壮族自治区市场监督管理局 2022-06-24
T/LZLSF 0019—2022《地理标志柳州螺蛳粉原料 第2部分: 柳州酸笋》 柳州市螺蛳粉协会 2022-09-02
T/QYZL 51—2023《西牛麻竹笋 酸笋加工技术规程》 清远市质量管理协会 2023-12-20
DB4502/T 0030—2022《预包装柳州螺蛳粉原料加工技术规程 第2部分: 酸笋》 柳州市市场监督管理局 2022-04-08
T/LZLSF 009.4—2022《柳州螺蛳粉料包 第4部分: 酸笋包》 柳州市螺蛳粉协会 2022-04-20
Q/HCS 0001S—2022《糟辣酸笋》 贵州红赤水集团有限公司 2022-09-08
T/GXAS 289—2022《田林酸笋》 广西标准化协会 2022-04-15
Q/JDX0001S—2010《酸笋》 云南省金平县傣媳妇酸笋厂 2010-08-14
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林丽华 1, 2, * , 卢安萍 1, 2 , 陈璟 1, 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025,16(3): 147-153
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025, 16(3): 147-153
酸笋的风味物质及其发酵技术研究进展
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林丽华1, 2, * , 卢安萍1, 2, 陈璟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.柳州职业技术大学环境与食品工程学院, 柳州 545006
  • 2.柳州市农产品快速检测工程技术中心, 柳州 545006

通讯作者:

* 林丽华(1992—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向食品加工与安全。E-mail:
Research progress on flavor compounds and fermentation technology of sour bamboo shoots
Li-Hua LIN1, 2, * , An-Ping LU1, 2, Jing CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Environment and Food Engineering School, Liuzhou Polytechnic University, Liuzhou 545006, China
  • 2. Liuzhou Agricultural Products Rapid Testing Engineering Technology Center, Liuzhou 545006, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022001
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酸笋作为一种传统发酵食品, 主要由新鲜竹笋经过自然发酵或人工接种发酵制成, 以其独特的风味和丰富的营养成分在中国南方地区广受欢迎。酸笋富含纤维素、维生素、矿物质及多种有益微生物, 具有较高的营养价值。酸笋特有的酸味和香气主要来自于发酵过程中产生的挥发性和非挥发性化合物, 包括乳酸、醋酸、酯类和醇类等。近年来, 随着现代发酵技术的发展, 研究者在酸笋的发酵菌种筛选、发酵条件优化及产品质量控制等方面取得了显著进展。本文综述了酸笋的主要营养成分、风味物质及其发酵技术的研究进展, 为提高酸笋的生产工艺、改善产品风味品质以及实现标准化生产提供理论依据。

酸笋  /  营养成分  /  风味物质  /  发酵技术

Chinese sour bamboo shoot, as a traditional fermented food, is mainly made from fresh bamboo shoots through natural fermentation or inoculated fermentation. It is widely popular in Southern China due to its unique flavor and rich nutritional content. Sour bamboo shoots are rich in cellulose, vitamins, minerals, and various beneficial microorganisms, offering significant nutritional value. Their distinctive sour taste and aroma primarily originate from volatile and non-volatile compounds produced during the fermentation process, including lactic acid, acetic acid, esters, and alcohols. In recent years, with the development of modern fermentation technology, researchers have made significant progress in the selection of fermentation strains, optimization of fermentation conditions, and product quality control of sour bamboo shoots. This article reviewed the main nutritional components, flavor compounds, and the research progress of its fermentation technology, providing a theoretical basis for improving the production process of pickled bamboo shoots, enhancing product flavor quality, and achieving standardized production.

sour bamboo shoots  /  nutrient composition  /  flavor compounds  /  fermentation technology
林丽华, 卢安萍, 陈璟. 酸笋的风味物质及其发酵技术研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 147 -153 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022001
Li-Hua LIN, An-Ping LU, Jing CHEN. Research progress on flavor compounds and fermentation technology of sour bamboo shoots[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 147 -153 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022001
酸笋(sour bamboo shoot)为传统酸发酵品, 通过竹笋的自然、加盐或添加微生物发酵得来, 风味独特, 口感鲜嫩脆爽, 在广西、广东和云南等地深受欢迎, 其营养成分、风味物质及发酵工艺成为当今研究的热点[1-2]。酸笋含膳食纤维、必需氨基酸及钙、钾和钠等, 脂肪含量低[3-4]。酸笋的独特风味来自其发酵产生的各种挥发性化学物质。乳酸和醋酸等有机酸是酸笋酸味的主要来源, 赋予酸笋独特酸味, 还具有防腐良效。酯类、醇类和醛类等赋予酸笋独特香气。发酵过程中蛋白质分解产生的游离氨基酸和小分子肽也影响着酸笋的风味[5]。酸笋发酵主要为选择适宜的竹笋、清洗竹笋、竹笋切片(条)或整根、加纯水或食盐水或接种微生物、装罐和发酵等几个工艺。发酵时长依据气候、温度和所需的酸度而定, 会持续几天到几周不等。为确保酸笋品质和食用安全, 发酵过程中需严格控制卫生条件, 避免有害微生物生长。近年来, 随着食品科学技术发展, 酸笋的发酵工艺也在不断优化, 包括采用先进的发酵罐、提高发酵菌种的利用效率以及应用生物技术提升酸笋风味物质等。
柳州螺蛳粉闻名遐迩, 酸笋是螺蛳粉的重要配菜, 素有螺蛳粉灵魂之说[6], 广西的地域特色美食如桂林米粉、南宁老友粉等也添加酸笋, 酸笋是广西饮食文化的特色。本文拟介绍酸笋中主要的营养成分及其风味物质, 并总结酸笋发酵腌制技术, 分析存在问题, 有助于提升其生产工艺和产品质量, 为提高酸笋资源利用率、确保酸笋食用安全性、提升其市场竞争力、保护和传承传统工艺、促进绿色食品的发展提供一些可参考的价值。
酸笋含多种对人体有益的营养成分, 如表1所示。
酸笋含多种营养成分, 适量食用酸笋可享受到其独特的风味, 还能获得膳食纤维、氨基酸和矿物质, 对健康有多种益处。在日常饮食中, 可将酸笋作为一种健康食品进行合理搭配, 以达到营养均衡的效果。
酸笋的风味物质复杂多样, 既有其竹笋原料产生物质, 也有微生物发酵产物和酶催化反应产生物质, 这些物质包括酚类、醛类、醇类、酮类和酸类等化合物。近年来, 多种先进的高精度、高灵敏度的检测技术被应用于酸笋风味分析。
酚类物质具有一定的抗氧化活性, 可中和自由基, 减少氧化应激。顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction, HS-SPME)、气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)技术检测出酸笋含53种挥发性风味物质, 含量排前的为对甲苯酚[3]。酸笋以酚类居多, 最突出为对甲苯苯酚, 占62%以上, 对酸笋独特风味贡献最大[8-10]。GC-MS选择性离子扫描(selected ion monitor, SIM)检出酸笋含对甲苯酚和2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯酚, 但在其他发酵蔬菜中均未检出[11]。HS-SPME-GC-MS和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)酸笋中以2,4-二叔丁基酚含量最高[12]。酚类是挥发性物质中含量最高的, 主要风味成分为对甲基苯酚[13]。酸笋在发酵90 d时对甲苯酚含量高达55.4 μg/g, 有强烈的刺激性气味, 对酸笋风味形成有显著影响[14]。对甲苯酚和1-辛烯-3-醇是酸笋的主要特征气味物质, 柳州酸笋中对甲苯酚的浓度较高, 其具有较强的酸性和刺激性气味, 而桂林酸笋含有较多的醇类和酯类, 导致其果香味较浓[8]
酸笋风味的最主要呈味物质为对甲苯酚, 它是竹笋中游离氨基酸酪氨酸的主要发酵副产物[15]。对甲苯酚是一种有机化合物, 属于酚类, 具有较强刺激性气味, 能为酸笋带来独特的香气, 使其具有辨识度和吸引力, 对甲苯酚具有一定抗氧化性和抗菌作用, 有助于保持酸笋的品质稳定, 延长保质期。
电子鼻检测出植物乳杆菌发酵的酸笋中含有醛类物质[13]。自然发酵的酸笋同样含有醛类这一挥发性风味物质, 其对酸笋风味的形成有较大的影响[16-17]。通过HS- SPME-GC-MS检测出酸笋含醛类等挥发性风味物质, 还含有反-2-壬烯醛、3-甲基丁醛、苯甲醛及庚醛多种醛类特征风味物质, 未发现含有β-柠檬醛[18]。主成分分析结果表明, 在28 d的发酵过程中, 在酸笋中检测到至少13种挥发性化合为特征香气化合物, 以2,4-二甲基苯甲醛的含量最高, 为芳香族化合物的降解产物, 赋予杏仁香气, 可能是竹笋产生气味的主要原因[19]
发酵过程中, 微生物代谢活动会产生更多的醛类化合物, 一些醛类物质在发酵过程中可能发生转化, 生成新的风味化合物, 使酸笋的风味更加复杂和浓郁。酸笋中的醛类物质包括己醛、戊醛、壬醛和苯甲醛等, 赋予酸笋独特的香气和风味, 增加食物的感官愉悦性, 并具有抗菌和抗氧化等多种健康益处。挥发性醛类物质的含量会因竹笋的品种、种植条件和发酵工艺而有所不同。
酸笋中的酸类物质由微生物代谢产生。酸笋含少量的醋酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸, 乳酸和乙酸含量较高, 酸笋中的酸类物质呈先增加后降低趋势, 在发酵120 d时含量最高达25.9 μg/g, 在发酵150 d含量分别为3.7 mg/g、3.1 mg/g[14]。在pH为2.7酸性条件下, 测得酸笋中草酸为301.6 mg/100 g、乳酸为83.4 mg/100 g、乙酸为20.3 mg/100 g, 占总有机酸98.2%, 而苹果酸、柠檬酸、富马酸和琥珀酸含量较低[11]。酸笋含己酸和辛酸, 且酸笋提取物有较好的抗氧化活性, 能清除2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基[20]
酸笋中还含有醇类和醚类等其他物质。酸笋含乙醇、3-辛醇、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇等醇类物质, 赋予酸笋独特的酒精和水果香气[3]。酸笋中的醇类在发酵30 d时占风味物质的13.94%[14]。酸笋还含有1-辛烯-3-醇乙酸乙酯、2-壬醇及茴香醚等风味物质[21]。气相色谱-嗅觉法和感官评定分析酸笋的香气成分为水杨酸甲酯、反-2-辛烯醛、反-2-壬烯醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、苯乙醇等[19]。第三代测序和气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术发现酸笋含23种酯类、19种醇类、8种酮类、6种醛类、6种芳香烃类、4种酸类和1种醚类, 醋酸、丙酸和异戊醇的含量在发酵过程中逐渐增加, 成为主要挥发性化合物[22]
采用高效液相色谱法、GC-MS、电子鼻等检测发现酸笋含有多种风味物质, 包括酚类、醛类、酮类、醇类、酯类和酸类等, 这些物质共同作用, 赋予酸笋其独特的香气和风味。
酸笋发酵技术的核心包括以下几个关键步骤和要素, 这些都是确保酸笋具有独特风味和良好品质的基础[23]。酸笋发酵技术关键要素如表2所示。
酸笋的发酵腌制主要依赖微生物的发酵作用将鲜笋转化为具有独特风味的酸笋, 其发酵腌制技术涉及原料选择与处理、发酵容器的选择与准备、发酵液的配制、发酵过程和发酵后的处理等多个步骤。通过合理的发酵工艺, 可制得独特风味和口感的酸笋, 这种方法不仅能延长竹笋的保质期, 还能丰富其风味。根据最新研究有以下几种发酵腌制技术。
单一菌种发酵为添加某种发酵菌种进行酸笋腌制。电子舌检测得出单一菌种发酵酸笋的酸味显著高于自然发酵, 苦味、涩味均低于自然发酵[23]。单一菌种发酵的酸笋的酸度高于盐发酵的酸笋, 而亚硝酸盐含量则显著低于盐发酵[24]。乳酸片球菌R9和植物乳杆菌R25发酵酸笋组降解亚硝酸盐的能力均较强[25]
植物乳杆菌接种发酵能抑制半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和酪氨酸的代谢, 从而抑制酸笋产生不悦气味, 表明植物乳杆菌接种发酵可提升酸笋的风味品质[26]。高浓度植物乳杆菌接种酸笋, 在发酵后期酸笋的pH较低, 乳酸产量较高, 达到5.32~7.68 g/L[27]。在自然发酵的酸笋里分离纯化获得了一株异型发酵的柠檬明串珠菌NM-12, 产酸量高达6.81 g/L, 亚硝酸盐降解率为79.05%[28]。以柳州新鲜竹笋为原材料, 对比自然和纯种乳酸菌发酵酸笋, 纯种发酵酸笋的pH、还原糖和亚硝酸盐含量均低于自然发酵, 而总酸含量高于自然发酵; 纯种发酵后的酸笋硬度、脆度和感官评分均优于自然发酵, 但主要风味成分酯类、醛类、酚类和醇类差异不显著, 且纯种发酵周期较短[29]。添加特定菌种发酵酸笋的风味和品质优于自然发酵, 合理的菌种发酵工艺和适当的发酵条件能够制得更佳风味和口感的酸笋。
植物乳杆菌R1和乳酸片球菌R9两种菌发酵酸笋的酯类、醛类和酮类含量显著上升, 烷烃类和烯烃类物质含量略有上升, 醚类和酚类物质则显著降低, 二甲醚从6.2%减至3.6%, 苯酚亦从16.5%减至0.91%, 在接种发酵中未测出2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯酚, 以发酵过程中风味物质的变化为判, 得出酸笋自然发酵周期需30 d, 而接种发酵周期仅需7 d, 发酵周期显著缩短[25]
柠檬明串珠菌和植物乳杆菌混合发酵剂发酵酸笋产生的乙醇、乙醛、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和2,3-丁二酮化合物对酸笋的风味有正向作用, 未产生具有刺激性气味的对甲苯酚, 说明该混合接种发酵能提升酸笋风味[30]。不同发酵类型乳酸菌组成的混合发酵剂接种发酵酸笋, 产生的乳酸含量较高, 产生具有芳香味的乙酸乙酯和奶油味的2.3-丁二酮, 未产生对甲苯酚, 对酸笋风味有积极作用[10]。3种混菌发酵剂直投发酵酸笋, 发酵周期显著缩短了13 d, pH为3.76, 酸度值为7.35 g/L, 乳酸值为2.73 g/L, 总游离氨基酸值为19.98 mg/100 g, 酯类占比54.53%, 醇类和醛类物质种类均有增加, 对甲苯酚显著下降至17.24 μg/kg, 有效降低了酸笋的臭味[31]
乳酸乳球菌、柠檬片球菌和植物乳杆菌混合发酵剂发酵酸笋的乳酸浓度[(6.17±0.25) g/L]显著高于自然发酵[(3.83±0.28) g/L], 在发酵后期, 发酵剂发酵酸笋中非醛、己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇和3-辛酮(相对气味活性值>1)的相对含量高于自然发酵, 感官评价显示发酵剂发酵酸笋的香气、味道、质地和整体质量评分均优于自然发酵[32]。乳球菌属、肠球菌属、明串珠菌属、植物乳杆菌和魏斯氏菌属是酸笋风味形成的核心功能微生物, 它们能产生与风味合成相关的酶[33]
混合菌种发酵酸笋缩短发酵周期、风味物质更佳, 对甲苯酚含量显著下降, 其优于单一菌种发酵。选择相匹配的混合菌种发酵酸笋, 有助于提升酸笋的风味和品质。
盐水发酵腌制酸笋为传统的发酵方法, 通过盐水抑制有害微生物的生长, 并促进乳酸菌等有益微生物的发酵, 使酸笋具有独特的风味和口感。在0.6 g/L盐浓度下腌制酸笋, 生成的乳酸、乙醛和乙酸最多, 酸味特性最突出, 而1.0 g/L盐浓度条件下, 色氨酸代谢基因数量显著减少, 能抑制色氨酸代谢所产生的粪臭素和吲哚-3-乙醇, 有效减少酸笋产生臭味[34]。食盐水溶液浓度越高, 酸笋的酸度值大致呈现下降趋势[35], 盐水浓度高会抑制微生物代谢[35]。盐水发酵酸笋具有增加风味、制作简单及经济实惠等优势[36]
将柠檬明串珠菌和植物乳杆菌作为混合发酵剂, 在0%、1%、3%、5%食盐浓度下发酵酸笋, 1%食盐浓度腌制的酸笋的乳酸含量最高, 达5.23 g/L, 而乙酸含量先升高后降低, 亚硝酸盐含量为3.45~3.90 mg/L, 低于国标限量值, 表明添加1%的食盐有利于酸笋发酵[37]
通过不断的实践和研究, 酸笋的发酵腌制技术也在不断改进和创新, 以适应不同人群的口味需求和提高产品质量[38]表3为不同发酵技术酸笋的优缺点[39-44]
酸笋的现代发酵工艺在传统基础上进行了许多创新和改进, 目的是为了提高发酵效率、提升酸笋的风味以及确保发酵过程的安全性[45-46]。现代发酵工艺在传统工艺的基础上进行了多方面的改进:
(1)控制发酵条件。通过控制温度、湿度和盐浓度等发酵条件, 提高发酵的稳定性和产品质量。
(2)选用优质发酵菌种。通过分离和培养优质的乳酸菌和酵母菌, 提高发酵效率和风味品质。
(3)发酵监控。利用现代技术对发酵过程中的pH、温度、有机酸含量等参数进行监控, 确保发酵过程的可控性和一致性。
由此也出台制定了一系列的酸笋腌制技术的标准, 如表4所示。
标准化的腌制技术可以确保酸笋的生产过程符合食品安全要求, 减少微生物污染的风险, 确保产品的一致性, 提高消费者的满意度, 提高产品的市场认可度和竞争力, 促进产业的健康发展[47-48]
近年来, 酸笋因其鲜爽脆嫩的独特品质而深受消费者青睐。酸笋营养丰富, 富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、糖及矿物质等营养成分, 含有独特的风味物质[49]。目前国内外有关酸笋营养成分的研究主要集中在膳食纤维、蛋白质和糖类方面, 而其他维生素、功能性成分等报道较少, 造成了某种程度的资源浪费。其次, 酸笋的发酵工艺主要集中在传统方式, 对新技术新方法缺少深入研究, 对酸笋细菌多样性也得研究也较少[50]。因此, 未来可从以下几个方面展开酸笋探索和研究: (1)健康营养价值的深入研究。随着人们对健康饮食需求的不断提高, 对酸笋中营养成分及其对人体健康影响的研究将会更加深入, 特别是研究酸笋中的活性物质, 如抗氧化物、益生元等对改善肠道健康、降低慢性疾病风险的作用。未来, 酸笋可能会作为一种功能性食品被进一步开发和推广。(2)风味形成机制的探索。研究酸笋风味形成的生物化学和微生物学机制, 包括了解哪些微生物种类及其代谢途径对特定风味物质的产生起关键作用。通过控制发酵过程中的条件, 如温度、pH、菌种组合等, 可调控风味物质的生成, 进而优化酸笋的风味特性。(3)发酵工艺的优化与创新。为了提高产量和保证产品质量, 酸笋的发酵工艺会继续优化和创新。这可能包括使用高效的微生物菌株、自动化和智能化的发酵管理系统等。同时, 为满足市场多样化的需求, 研发不同口味和营养丰富的酸笋产品也是未来的一个重要方向。通过对酸笋营养、风味物质及发酵工艺的深入研究, 不仅有助于提高酸笋的生产工艺和产品质量, 还为开发新型功能性食品提供了科学依据。
  • 大学生创新与创造项目(柳职院教字〔2024〕20号)
  • “课堂革命”立项建设项目(柳职院教字〔2023〕3号)
  • 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研〔2024〕1号)
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2025年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022001
  • 接收时间:2024-10-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22
基金
大学生创新与创造项目(柳职院教字〔2024〕20号)
“课堂革命”立项建设项目(柳职院教字〔2023〕3号)
广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研〔2024〕1号)
作者信息
    1.柳州职业技术大学环境与食品工程学院, 柳州 545006
    2.柳州市农产品快速检测工程技术中心, 柳州 545006

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* 林丽华(1992—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向食品加工与安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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