The hydrometallurgical process route of "alkaline conversion-acidic lead extraction-sulfuric acid lead separation" was studied for the separation and enrichment of lead from copper smelting slag. The principle of efficient transformation of lead in slag was mainly explored, and the effects of various factors in each process on the transformation, leaching and precipitation of lead were investigated. The optimal experimental conditions for each process were determined. The results show that by adding NaOH, the higher free alkalinity will cause PbSO₄ in the slag to enter the liquid phase in the form of plumbous acid, increasing lead loss and reducing recovery rate. In the acidic extraction stage, the reaction time and free acidity have a significant impact on the leaching rate. Under the conditions of free alkalinity of 15 g/L, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 5/1, and temperature of 30 ℃, the alkaline transformation reaction is carried out for 3 h. Then, under the conditions of free acidity of 20 g/L, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 5/1, and atemperature of 30 ℃, the slag are leached with nitric acid for 2 h. Finally, lead is precipitated with sulfuric acid under the conditions of a sulfuric acid coefficient of 0.8 to 1.0 and temperature of 30 ℃. The conversion rate and leaching rate of Pb in the slag can both reach over 95%. The process can efficiently separate and enrich lead from copper smelting slag, and the effect is good.

Three different types of deep eutectic solvents (DES) were prepared and used to modify Tieguanyin tea residue. The adsorption performance of the modified tea residue for methyl orange was investigated, and its thermodynamic adsorption behavior was explored. The results show that the adsorption effect of DES② modified tea residue composed of choline chloride/urea/malonic acid on methyl orange solution is better than that of DES① modified tea residue composed of sulfoxic acid/urea/choline chloride and DES③ modified tea residue composed of choline chloride/oxalic acid. The adsorption process of methyl orange by DES② modified tea residue is more in line with the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model. The adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and disordered.

To overcome the challenges of in-situ leaching uranium mining, such as limitations in real-time data analysis, lack of intelligent decision support, insufficient dynamic optimization capabilities, complexities in formulating real-time production strategies, and difficulties in full-lifecycle iterative optimization, a dynamic mining and intelligent management system for closed-loop in-situ leaching of uranium is proposed. The system’s fundamental concepts, key enabling technologies, structural components and operational framework are presented in detail. Based on the reactive transport model, the system focuses on dynamic data monitoring, data assimilation, and dynamic multi-objective production optimization, aiming to enhance the intelligent level and optimization management capabilities of in-situ leaching uranium mining. The construction and application of this system are expected to accelerate the digital and intelligent transformation of in-situ leaching uranium mining and provide a robust theoretical foundation support for the full life cycle development and management of uranium resources.

For the highly acidic extraction system of zirconium and hafnium, ceramic and PTFE baffles were selected and their hydrodynamic (dispersed phase holdup and droplet diameter) characteristics and mass transfer performance were compared and analyzed. The results show that the PTFE baffle, due to its strong hydrophobicity, is difficult to form droplets, but its holdup is significantly higher than that of the ceramic baffle. At low pulse intensities, the extraction efficiencies of the ceramic baffle and the PTFE baffle are comparable and increase with the increase of pulse intensity. When the pulse intensity increases to 10 mm/s, the ceramic baffle can achieve two theoretical stages of mass transfer, but the extraction rate of the PTFE baffle drops rapidly. By comparing the mass transfer performance of the baffles with that of the traditional Raschig ring packing, it is found that the extraction effect of the ceramic baffle is significantly higher than that of the Raschig ring packing, verifying the applicability of the baffle extraction column. Finally, a prediction model for the dispersed phase holdup, droplet diameter and mass transfer coefficient in the baffle extraction column was established. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of zirconium and hafnium baffle extraction columns.

A layered optimization model of hydrometallurgy process based on deep learning is proposed. The model adopts hierarchical design, including process level optimization and process level optimization. At the process level, Transformer model is innovatively introduced to establish a nonlinear mapping model of material consumption and quality index, and optimize each process parameter with minimum material consumption as the goal. In the process layer, the innovative DDPG algorithm is introduced to adjust the operating variables and maximize the economic benefits of the whole process. In addition, generative adversarial network (GAN) is introduced to generate optimization samples to further improve the robustness of the optimization model. After the sodium cyanide and zinc powder additions are adjusted in real time by the Transformer optimization model, the gold production can be significantly increased and the material consumption cost can be significantly reduced. Compared with the benchmark test, the economic benefit increased by 15%-20%, the leaching rate and the replacement rate increased by 2%-4% respectively. The model is superior to the traditional deep learning method in terms of economic benefit, process stability and uncertainty adaptability, and can provide a new way for intelligent production in hydrometallurgical industry.

The precise determination of critical elements such as uranium and plutonium in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing workflows holds paramount significance for process optimization and safety assurance. Building upon international technological precedents, the LiF(200) doubly curved crystal optical element was optimized and selected, and the MWDXRF prototype for quantitative analysis of actinide elements was successfully developed. The results of the diffraction intensity and fluorescence characteristic experiments show that the instrument is feasible for the micro-trace-level analysis of actinide elements, and its detection limit for uranium determination is 18.97 μg/mL. The development of the device provides a new way for novel approaches to the simultaneous determination of trace/ultra-trace actinides in complex matrices.

Cobalt vanadate, as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries, has attracted much attention due to its characteristics such as high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and environmental friendliness. Several common structures of cobalt vanadate anode materials are introduced. The research progress of the main synthesis and modification methods of this material is elaborated with emphasis, including hydrothermal synthesis method, co-precipitation synthesis method and electrospinning synthesis method, as well as composite modification, surface modification and ion doping modification methods, etc. The key synthesis and modification research directions and application prospects of this material in the future are also prospectively presented.

During the process of extracting vanadium from vanadium slag by sodium roasting-water leaching method, silicon in the leaching solution will react with alkali to form sodium silicate and enter the solution, affecting the recovery rate and quality of the product. To address this issue, the selective precipitation of silicon in vanadium leachate by the magnesium salt method was studied. Thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams of the Mg-Si-V-H₂O system were constructed to investigate the distribution characteristics of free ions within the pH range of 7~14. Additionally, the relationship between pH and precipitation saturation indices was established to evaluate the precipitation behaviors of MgSiO₃ and Mg(VO₃)₂ under different pH conditions. The calculation results reveal that the solubility of MgSiO₃ is relatively low, while that of Mg(VO₃)₂ is relatively high, which can achieve the selective precipitation of silicon in the vanadium leaching solution. The verification test results demonstrate that the pH of the solution has a significant influence on the precipitation rate of silicon in the vanadium leaching solution. When pH=10, the silicon precipitation rate can reache 86.3%, and the vanadium loss rate is only 3.2%, with a good effect.

Xinjiang hydrothermal uranium-beryllium deposit is a critical polymetallic resource in China, yet the occurrence characteristics of uranium and its migration behavior during beneficiation and metallurgy remain unclear. The occurrence state of uranium and its migration patterns during flotation-leaching processes were systematically investigated through multi-scale mineralogical characterization techniques (polarizing microscope, SEM, AMICS, EPMA). The results indicate that uranium primarily occurs in uranophane (76%), pitchblende (16%), and kasolite (6%). Uranium minerals exhibit fine dissemination sizes (10~70 μm) and low liberation degrees (<5%). The samples needs to be further finely ground to increase the dissociation degree of uranium minerals, so that they can fully contact the flotation reagents, thereyby ensuring the beneficiation effect. Among these factors, uranophane is a primary constraint on uranium leaching due to its fine-grained encapsulation and potential formation of surface silica gel coatings during leaching. While grinding the raw ore to -45 μm significantly improves mineral liberation, insufficient selectivity of flotation reagents results in non-significant distribution patterns between beryllium concentrate and tailings. Sulfuric acid roasting effectively decomposes silicate frameworks, achieving a uranium leaching rate exceeding 99%. The study can provide theoretical insights for optimizing the co-extraction of uranium and beryllium from complex polymetallic ores.

In response to the issue that traditional beneficiation processes and direct leaching methods are difficult to achieve economically effective recovery for a certain low-grade and refractory molybdenum oxide ore, based on its process mineralogical characteristics, the application of superconducting magnetic separation for pre-enrichment of the low-grade and refractory molybdenum oxide ore was studied. The effects of magnetic separation conditions such as background magnetic field strength, slurry flow velocity, separation slurry concentration, slurry feeding method and other magnetic separation conditions on the pre-enrichment concentrate indicators were investigated. The results show that by adopting the upper feeding method and under the suitable conditions of background magnetic field strength of 4 T, slurry flow velocity of 0.025 m/s, and separation slurry concentration of 10%, the pre-enrichment concentrate has Mo grade of 0.75% and recovery rate of 64%. Through theoretical calculation and recovery mechanism analysis of the magnetic separation recovery process, a high-efficiency separation scheme is optimized and designed, which includes coarse (-0.5 mm+0.025 mm) and fine (-0.025 mm) particle size classification and separation processes, as well as the coordinated matching of high magnetic field strength (5 T) and high flow rate (0.04 m/s). The final process indicators are:Mo grade in the concentrate of 0.88%, recovery rate of 63.79%, and enrichment ratio of 3.95. The method can achieve the goal of efficient pre-enrichment of low-grade and refractory molybdenum oxide ores, meet the feed grade requirements of subsequent leaching processes, and has certain application potential.