In recent years, pumped storage power stations have developed rapidly, and their construction often faces the problem of mixed utilization of soft and hard rock. Soft rock has poor lithological properties, exhibiting significant breakage during construction. Whether mixtures of soft and hard rock can meet the requirements for dam strength and permeability characteristics requires further investigation. Field rolling compaction tests were conducted on soft and hard rockfill materials for a proposed pumped storage power station in Anhui Province, China, to investigate their physical, mechanical, and permeability characteristics under different compaction parameters. A comprehensive test scheme was designed to compare the compaction outcomes under combined conditions of roller weights (22 t and 26 t), water contents (5% and 10%), lift thicknesses (0.6 m and 0.8 m), and number of rolling passes (6, 8, and 10). A novel tensile direct shear test method was employed to measure the in-situ shear strength indices of the compacted rockfill and to identify the compaction parameters meeting the design requirements. This approach bridged the gap between laboratory tests and field conditions, offering a direct basis for reevaluating dam slope stability. The results showed that under identical compaction parameters, the dry density, permeability coefficient, and shear strength of the mixture containing 50% carbonaceous sericite phyllite were slightly lower than those of the sericite phyllite mixture. The dry density of the mixtures increased with the number of compaction passes, showing a convergent trend. Increasing the roller weight and reducing the lift thickness significantly improved the compaction quality. Regarding particle breakage characteristics, breakage occurred mainly in the surface layer of the lift during compaction, while the rockfill at deeper locations experienced minimal breakage due to the encapsulating effect of finer particles. The sericite phyllite mixture primarily experienced breakage of large particles, whereas the carbonaceous sericite phyllite mixture underwent repeated breakage in the surface layer during compaction, resulting in a powdery texture after compaction. Under a lift thickness of 80 cm, the strength parameters obtained using a 22 t vibratory roller with 10 compaction passes were essentially identical to those obtained using a 26 t vibratory roller with 8 passes. Based on the test results and considering both on-site construction quality and efficiency, it is recommended that for the sericite phyllite mixture, the construction parameters should be a lift thickness of 80 cm, a water content of 10%, and compaction with either a 22 t vibratory roller for 10 passes or a 26 t vibratory roller for 8 passes per lift.