In order to systematically grasp the changes and matching characteristics of wheel and rail profiles of high speed railway (HSR) in China, 172 rail profile measurement points and 384 wheels of 6 high-speed electric motive unites (EMUs) were selected on 6 typical HSR lines, including Beijing-Shanghai, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Harbin-Dalian, Lanzhou-Xinjiang, Guiyang-Guangzhou and Dandong-Dalian for a two-year field test.

Based on the measured data, the characteristics of rail and wheel wear were analyzed by mathematical statistics method. The equivalent conicity of wheel and rail matching in a wheel reprofiling cycle was analyzed by using the measured rail profile.

Results showed that when the curve radius of HSR was larger than 2,495 m, the wear rate of straight line and curve rail was almost the same. For the line with annual traffic gross weight less than 11 Mt, the vertical wear of rail was less than 0.01 mm. The wear rate of the rail with the curve radius less than 800 m increased obviously. The wheel tread wear of EMUs on Harbin-Dalian line, Lanzhou-Xinjiang line and Dandong-Dalian line was relatively large, and the average wear rate of tread was about 0.05-0.06 mm$(10,000 km)^-1, while that of Beijing-Shanghai line, Wuhan-Guangzhou line and Guiyang-Guangzhou line was about 0.03-0.035 mm·(10,000 km)^-1. When the wear range was small, the equivalent conicity increased with the increase of wheel tread wear. When the wear range of wheel was wide, the wheel-rail contact points were evenly distributed, and the equivalent conicity did not increase obviously.

This research proposes the distribution range of the equivalent conicity in one reprofiling cycle of various EMU trains, which provides guidance for the condition-based wheel reprofiling.