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Investigation of shale fracture behavior with different bedding properties based on discrete element method
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Dubo Wanga, b, Jinyu Donga, b, Dongqiao Liud, Xiangjun Cheng, Hai Zhonge, Mijia Yangf, Hongjian Wanga, b, c, *
Rock Mechanics Bulletin | 2026, 5(2) : 100243
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Rock Mechanics Bulletin | 2026, 5(2): 100243
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Investigation of shale fracture behavior with different bedding properties based on discrete element method
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Dubo Wanga, b, Jinyu Donga, b, Dongqiao Liud, Xiangjun Cheng, Hai Zhonge, Mijia Yangf, Hongjian Wanga, b, c, *
Affiliations
  • aNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
  • bHenan Key Laboratory of Geological Environment Intelligent Monitoring and Disaster Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
  • cState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control, Beijing, 100020, China
  • dState Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
  • eSchool of civil Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, China
  • fConstruction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
  • gHenan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
Published: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100243
Outline
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The interaction between cemented laminae and induced fractures plays a critical role in hydraulic fracture propagation within laminated shale reservoirs. By combining mode-I fracture mechanics experiment conducted on semi-circular bend (SCB) specimens of black carbonaceous shale from the marine Longmaxi Formation with numerical simulations, this study systematically investigates the effects of three key geological parameters: (1) bond strength, (2) vein stiffness, and (3) approach angle on fracture propagation characteristics. The key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Increasing the parallel bond strength promotes fracture crossing behavior. When the vein fracture toughness was reduced to 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 times that of the shale matrix, fractures exhibited increased deflection tendency along the vein, creating longer stepped propagation paths. (2) For stiffer veins, induced fracture divert into the vein and propagate over longer distances; Additionally, more micro-cracks form within the vein before fracture-vein interaction occurs. (3) Fracture-vein interaction exhibits significant angular dependence: At approach angles between 60° and 90°, fractures predominantly penetrated laminae without deflection; Below 60°, fractures initially diverted into the vein but subsequently re-entered the matrix before reaching the vein terminus. This bifurcation pattern closely resembles laboratory observations of weakly cemented or pre-damaged vein specimens.

Shale  /  Interaction  /  Fracture diversion distance  /  Discrete element method (DEM)  /  Semi-circular bend (SCB) test
Dubo Wang, Jinyu Dong, Dongqiao Liu, Xiangjun Chen, Hai Zhong, Mijia Yang, Hongjian Wang. Investigation of shale fracture behavior with different bedding properties based on discrete element method[J]. Rock Mechanics Bulletin, 2026 , 5 (2) : 100243 - . DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100243
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  • Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control(SKLIS202421)
  • Henan Key Research and Development Program of China(241111322900; 241111321100)
  • Educational Research Program for Young and Middle-aged teachers of Fujian Province of China(JAT210425/B202106)
  • Young Backbone Teachers of Undergraduate Colleges in Henan Province(2023GGJS077)
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Year 2026 volume 5 Issue 2
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100243
  • Receive Date：2025-02-26
  • Online Date：2026-06-17
  • Published：2026-04-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-02-26
  • Revised：2025-07-18
  • Accepted：2025-08-08
Funding
Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control(SKLIS202421)
Henan Key Research and Development Program of China(241111322900; 241111321100)
Educational Research Program for Young and Middle-aged teachers of Fujian Province of China(JAT210425/B202106)
Young Backbone Teachers of Undergraduate Colleges in Henan Province(2023GGJS077)
Affiliations
    aNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
    bHenan Key Laboratory of Geological Environment Intelligent Monitoring and Disaster Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
    cState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control, Beijing, 100020, China
    dState Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
    eSchool of civil Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, China
    fConstruction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
    gHenan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China

Corresponding:

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: (H. Wang).
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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