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Crossbreeding research for Camellia species groups and intragroups was carried out to breed new varieties of Camellia with high ornamental value. A total of 14 species and varieties from Sect. Chrysantha Chang, Sect. Camellia (L.) Dyer, Sect. Archecamellia Sealy and Sect. oleifera Chang, Sect. Corallina Sealy were used to design 42 hybridization combinations, including 8 hybridization of species groups, 24 intragroup hybridization and 10 reciprocal hybridization combinations. 274 setting fruits from 2016 flowers pollinated in 42 combinations were observed, and the percentage of fruit setting rate was 13.6%. 72 hybrid fruits were harvested, and the setting rate was 3.57%. 104 hybrid seedlings were obtained from the 199 seeds harvested, and the seedling emergence percentage was 52.26%. The combination of C. polyodonta♀×C. semiserrata♂ had the highest number of hybrid seedlings, reaching 45, followed by C. semiserrata♀×C. polyodonta♂ with 14 hybrid seedlings, C. polyodonta♀×C. amplexicaulis♂ with 13 hybrid seedlings. The size, shape and luster of the leaves of most hybrid seedlings were in the middle of the parents, and the hybrid seedlings obtained from distant hybridization often showed some characteristics that could be used as early identification of the authenticity of hybrid seedlings. The compatibility of C. polyodonta♀×C. semiserrata♂, C. polyodonta♀×C. amplexicaulis♂, and C. polyodonta♀×Camellia chrysantha♂ hybrid combinations was good, with pollination numbers of 32, 30, and 53, respectively, and seed setting rates of 12.5%, 10.0%, and 22.6%, respectively. More pollination numbers led higher seed setting rate and stronger representativeness. C. polyodonta and C. semiserrata could be used as paternal or maternal to cross breeding, which showing a high reproduction in the inside group of hybridization and outside group of distant hybridization. C. polyodonta and C. semiserrata were good hybrid parents. whether C. amplexicaulis as paternal or maternal parent, there was good cross compatibility with Sect. C. chrysantha and C. osmantha were suitable as paternal parents.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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