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Phenotypic traits are the basis of breeding, which can reflect the genetic variation of species to a certain extent. Exploring the phenotypic diversity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cultivar can provide reference for the utilization of germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties. In this study, 39 H. rosa-sinensis cultivar resources were selected as the research object. Data of 25 phenotypic traits were collected and measured, including 9 quantitative traits and 16 qualitative traits. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation were carried out. The results of diversity analysis showed that there was abundant variation in the 39 H. rosa-sinensis cultivar resources resources, and the coefficient of variation of 9 quantitative traits ranged from 9.49 to 31.05, among which, the coefficient of variation of pedicel length was the largest, and the coefficient of variation of leaf length/width was the smallest; the index of diversity was 1.7592 to 2.0299, among which the index of style length was the highest, and edicel length diversity index was the lowest. The diversity index of 16 quality traits ranged from 0.3898 to 1.3203, among which the diversity index of flower heart and eye area was the highest, and the diversity index of flower pattern was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between flower diameter and petal length, outermost petal morphology and petal secondary color, leaf length and leaf width, petal length and style length, flower diameter and style length, petal length and width, and flower diameter and petal width. There was a significant negative correlation between petal width and pattern, style length and pattern, leaf width and leaf length-width ratio, and petal length and pattern. The cluster analysis showed that the 39 species could be divided into four groups at Euclidean distance of 20. The Ⅰ group contained 33 species resources, which were mainly characterized by the flower diameter between 11 cm and 17 cm, and could be further divided into two subgroups. The Ⅱ group contained two species, which were mainly characterized by double petals and small flower diameter between 10 cm and 11 cm. The Ⅲ group contained three species, which were characterized by single petals and large flower diameter, with the flower diameter between 18 cm and 20 cm. The Ⅳ group contained only one species. Principal component analysis showed that 9 principal components were extracted, the cumulative variance contribution rate of 79.85%. Through the calculation of main component of the 39 specie, the comprehensive score of Huo fenghuang was the highest, followed by Valentine's day, Moorea Hanging Garden and Fei jiangjun, while that of Yueyecaihong and Chocolate Cake was the lowest.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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