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The study was aimed to explore the differences in physical and chemical indexes and volatile components of different types of Amomum tsaoko powder. The physicochemical indexes of A. tsaoko powder such as color difference, essential oil content, moisture content, particle size and surface microstructure were investigated. The volatile components of A. tsaoko powder were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The color difference ∆E of seven different fruit types of A. tsaoko powder was from 19.17±0.29 to 25.15±0.17, L* value was from 72.50±0.23 to 76.87±0.07, a* value was from 5.17±0.05 to 6.97±0.15, b*value was from 12.35±0.43 to 16.91±0.43. The content of volatile oil was from (0.76±0.01)mL/100 g to (1.30±0.26)mL/100 g. The moisture content was from 11.13%±0.12% to 15.05%±0.23%. In terms of particle size, NL5 and NL6 fruit powder particles had the largest difference. A total of 31 volatile components were detected in the seven fruit powder, and 17 common components were detected, mainly aldehydes and alcohols, including 2-decenal, (E)-, eucalyptol, citral, geraniol, geranyl acetate, etc. Among them, 28 volatile components were detected in NL2 fruit types, and the relative content of 2-decenal, (E)- was the highest (22.24%±2.29%). The relative content of eucalyptol in NL5 fruit type was the highest (17.52%±2.16%). Therefore, there are some differences in color difference, essential oil content, moisture content, particle size and surface microstructure of the powder of different fruit types. The volatile components of different fruit types of A. tsaoko fruit powder have both common characteristics and differences. The research could provide theoretical guidance for the production and application of high-quality pure natural A. tsaoko powder.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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