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The power system and energy consumption characteristics of electric buses significantly differ from those of traditional buses with internal combustion engines, and conventional ecodriving strategies cannot fully adapt to electric buses. An energy consumption predictionbased deep reinforcement learning model is proposed for ecodriving of connected electric buses, taking into account of signal timing, information from preceding vehicles, energy consumption characteristics and comfort of passengers. Firstly, natural driving data from battery electric buses is collected, and a basic energy consumption model is established using vehicle dynamics, considering the regenerative braking characteristics of electric buses. A system identification model is then constructed to identify and estimate the unknown parameters in the basic energy consumption model. Next, the impact of different signal phases on speed patterns when entering and exiting signalized intersections is analyzed, and state variables that accurately describe traffic environment information are determined. Based on the constructed energy consumption model, a reward function is developed, considering safety, efficiency, energy conservation, and comfort. An optimization model for ecodriving strategies at signalized intersections for electric buses is established using the SAC (soft actor critic) algorithm. Finally, the proposed strategy is compared with the classic intersection passage strategy GLOSA. The results show that the proposed ecodriving strategy ensures vehicle safety across the four defined traffic scenarios. Despite an average increase in travel time of only 7.29%, the strategy enhances comfort by an average of 21.96% and reduces energy consumption by an average of 24.47%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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