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To investigate whether hybrid electric vehicles can achieve energy savings and emissions reduction in plateau regions, real driving emissions(RDE) tests were conducted using a portable onboard emissions measurement system in two cities on extended-range electric vehicles(E-REV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEV), and gasoline vehicles compliant with China Ⅵ emission standards. The study analyzed the actual emission characteristics and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles in plateau regions. The results indicate that lower coolant temperatures and higher values of the product of speed and acceleration(v·a) result in higher instantaneous emissions of carbon monoxide(CO) and nitrogen oxides(NOx). After excluding cold start emissions, the reduction proportions of CO and NOx emissions during the cold start phase are greater than those of carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions. The pollutant emissions of hybrid electric vehicles are less affected by plateau environments. As the altitude increases, CO emissions rise for PHEVs and gasoline vehicles, while CO emissions decrease for E-REV. The CO2 emissions for E-REVs, PHEVs, and gasoline vehicles increase, and NOx emissions decrease. Compared to gasoline vehicles, the NOx reduction of E-REV and PHEV in plateau regions is mainly observed in suburban and highway conditions. The fuel consumption(FC) of E-REV increases with altitude, and PHEVs demonstrate better fuel economy compared to E-REV.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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