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This study aimed to determine the contents of active components and antioxidant activity in Polygonatum kingianum pericarp and predict the anti-inflammatory functions，providing reference for the high-value utilization of pericarp waste derived from Polygonatum kingianum processing.
Polygonatum kingianum pericarp was used as experimental material to determine the contents of total polysaccharides，total saponins，total flavonoids，and total phenolics and detect the scavenging capability of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts for 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine （DPPH） radicals and 2,2-diazo-bis （3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid） diamiam monium salt （ABTS） cationic radicals. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-MS） technology was employed to analyze the metabolite composition of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts，and potential active components were screened using network pharmacology methods. Core intersecting target analysis was conducted to predict KEGG signaling pathways associated with anti-inflammatory functions.
The contents of total polysaccharides，total saponins，total flavonoids，and total phenolics in the Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts were 53.14%，1.40%，0.39%，and 0.12% respectively. Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts exhi-bited strong scavenging capability for both DPPH radicals and ABTS cationic radicals，with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations （IC50） of 3.21 and 5.21 mg/mL respectively. A total of 822 components were detected from Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts using high-resolution mass spectrometry，from which 28 potential active components were screened，and 262 intersected with anti-inflammatory activity targets. Luteolin，diosmetin，acacetin，genkwanin，and syringetin were key anti-inflammatory components that acted on core target proteins such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF），interleukin-6 （IL-6），serine/threonine kinase 1 （AKT1），prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2），and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）. The anti-inflammatory targets of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts were associated with 1065 GO functional terms，comprising 739 biological process terms，94 cellular component terms，and 232 molecular function terms. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that these targets exerted their potential anti-inflammatory functions primarily by modulating pathways in cancer.
Polygonatum kingianum pericarp contains abundant active components，exhibits strong antioxidant activity，and shows good anti-inflammatory potential，suggesting its potential utilization value to be developed as functional products.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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