In this paper, Aspen Plus process simulation software was used to compare the effects of adding CO2 adsorbent on hydrogen production by steam reforming of biomass under different conditions [gasification temperature, mass ratio of water to carbon in biomass (S/C), reaction pressure]. Based on the energy consumption and material consumption required for producing hydrogen per unit volume, the matrix analysis method was used to optimize, and the best conditions of adsorption enhanced biomass steam reforming gasification were obtained: When the gasification temperature is 500 °C, S/C=2 and the gasification pressure is 0.1 MPa, under this condition, the hydrogen production is 1.56 m³/kg, the hydrogen concentration is 98.3%, and the energy consumption and material consumption required for producing the unit volume of hydrogen are 4.16 MJ/m³ and 0.64 kg/m³, respectively.

In this paper, biochar composite carrier was constructed by using biochar loaded with different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, humic acid, Tween 20 and other catalytic regulators, and each composite carrier was added to the rice stubpig manure mixed anaerobic fermentation system for anaerobic fermentation. By measuring the gas production, methane production and the degradation rate of straw lignocellulose of each treatment, the role of biochar composite carrier on methane production in mixed anaerobic fermentation and straw degradation was revealed. The results show that the biochar composite carrier can increase the peak value of methane production and shorten the time of peak value of methane production. Biochar composite carriers can significantly increase the cumulative gas production and the cumulative methane production of anaerobic fermentation systems, with the best effect of biocharloaded Tween 20, followed by biocharloaded humic acid and biocharloaded sodium bicarbonate. Compared with the control group, the gas production and the methane production of biochar loaded Tween 20 treatment increased by 23.18% and 62.20%, respectively. In each treatment, the degradation degree of straw was the highest in biochar loaded Tween 20 treatment, followed by biocharloaded humic acid, biochar loaded sodium bicarbonate and control group. The optimal loading concentrations of Tween 20, humic acid and sodium bicarbonate were 2.25, 0.75, 2.10 g/L, respectively.

Based on a highpressure common rail diesel engine, a methanol injection system is installed at the intake manifold. A twostage direct injection (preinjection + main injection) of coaltoFischerTropsch (FT) diesel is installed in the cylinder. A twostage injection FT diesel/methanol (F/M) dualfuel engine test stand is built to explore the effect of different methanol substitution rates on engine emission performance at 2 000 r/min and loads of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Simultaneously, the theoretical basis for realizing the FT diesel/methanol reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode is explored. The results indicates that the fuel economy of the F/M dualfuel engine is better at medium and high loads. The emissions of HC, CO, Soot, methanol and formaldehyde increase in the F/M dualfuel combustion mode compared with the singlefuel compressionignition mode. These emissions increase with the augmentationmethanol substitution rate and decrease with an increase in load. In contrast, the emissions of CO2, NOx and NO decrease with an increase in methanol substitution rate but increase with an increase in load. The emissions of NO2 increase with both the rise in methanol substitution rate and load. The test results show that simply adding a methanol injection system to the intake manifold cannot achieve an efficient and lowemission RCCI combustion mode, and its fuel injection strategy needs to be calibrated.

This paper investigates the effect of surface temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic cells under high concentrating power, and investigates the coupled fin heat pipe heat sink in concentrating photovoltaic cell systems. Study the effect of the number of fins, distribution and fluid flow on the cell efficiency and surface uniformity of the heat pipe radiator under water cooling and air cooling, and compare it with ordinary radiators. The results show that the minimum temperature of the battery surface with the heat pipe radiator occupies less area, the uniformity is significantly improved, and the battery efficiency is improved; under the working condition of 0.64 m/s flow rate, the fin spacing is 1.5 mm, and the fin thickness is 0.4 mm, the overall performance of the battery is the best, the surface temperature is 314 K, the temperature difference is less than 1 K, the uniformity is best, then the electrical efficiency is 31.25%, and the thermal efficiency is 66.03%.

In this paper, considering the soil stratification and groundwater seepage, combined with the measured data, the fluid temperature inside the buried pipe and the thermophysical parameters of different layered soils are obtained through the calculation of the outer wall temperature of the buried pipe, so as to establish the heat transfer model of the buried pipe stratified according to the equivalent physical properties of the soil. The experimental results show that the strati–fied heat transfer model is closer to the measured value than the conventional homogeneous model, and the error is smaller; The average absolute error between the simulated outlet water temperature and the measured value is 0.21 °C, and the average absolute error between the simulated inlet and outlet heat transfer temperature difference and the measured value is 0.14 °C based on the equivalent physical properties of soil stratification, which has a high accuracy and can provide a basis for engineering design and serve as the basis for the subsequent optimization study of the buried pipe heat transfer.

In this study, the Capricpalmitic acid (CAPA) binary eutectic PCM was vacuum impregnated into the expanded vermiculite (EVM) to prepare CAPA/EVM composite phase change thermal storage material. FTIR, DSC, TG, and thermal cycling were used to assess the chemical compatibility, heat storage performance, thermal stability, and thermal reliability of CAPA/EVM. The results showed that CAPA was stably loaded in the layered pores of EVM through physical interaction, and CAPA/EVM had excellent chemical compatibility. The Melting and solidification phase transition temperatures of CAPA/EVM were 23.61 and 20.41 °C, respectively. The latent heat of melting and solidification phase transition were 67.22 and 64.87 J/g, respectively. The amount of CAPA encapsulated in EVM could reach 52.22%, and it had favorable thermal stability at working temperature. In addition, the CAPA/EVM maintained great thermal reliability after 100 thermal cycles, indicating its potential application in the building energy conservation field.

In cold regions, offshore wind turbine structures are susceptible to complex environmental loads, which can lead to vibrationrelated safety concerns. Taking a 6.45 MW offshore monopile wind turbine structure as an example, the vibration response of the structure under the combined action of wind and ice loads is analyzed and compared before and after the implementation of the MTMD (Multiple Tuned Mass Damper) system. The results indicate that the wind and ice loads induce severe vibration responses in the wind turbine tower, with the maximum displacement response occurring at the top of the tower and the maximum acceleration response near the amplitude point of the second mode of vibration. In addition to the first two natural frequencies, the wind and ice loads also excite higherorder responses in the tower structure. By employing an MTMD system that controls the first and second mode frequencies, the displacement, acceleration, and overturning moment responses of the tower structure can be effectively controlled, resulting in significant vibration reduction. However, it should be noted that the TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) device exhibits frequency sensitivity and cannot effectively mitigate vibration responses induced by higherorder frequencies of the structure.

Wind turbine blade stall will reduce wind turbine output power. In this paper, the aerodynamic analysis model of NREL Phase VI wind turbine was established based on Fluent software, and the pressure coefficient and power characteristics of the wind turbine blade section were calculated at 13 m/s wind speed, and the accuracy of the aerodynamic analysis method of the wind turbine was verified by comparing with the wind tunnel experimental data. Then, the active jet and vortex generator (VGs) were coupled to the blade of the wind turbine. It was found that the power of the wind turbine increased first and then decreased with the increase of the width of the jet hole and the height of the vortex generator. A wind turbine aerodynamic analysis model with mixed flow control was established to study the influence of the chord distance between jet and vortex generator and the height of VGs at the trailing edge on the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine. The results show that the wind turbine output power reaches the highest when the distance is 0.3C(C is the chord length of airfoil), and the increase is 6.61% compared with the single jet control. When the trailing edge VGs height is 15 mm, the hybrid flow control has the best effect and the highest fan power.

The joint participation of energy storage stations and wind farms in the black start of a system can reduce load outage time and accelerate system recovery. This paper focuses on a large energy storage power station and wind farm combined power generation system and proposes a coordinated control strategy for black start considering the restoration capability of energy storage power stations. The wind farm employs a maximum power tracking control method, while the energy storage power station adopts the V/f control method to jointly form a black start power source. Soft energization is employed for the energy storage power station and critical load restoration are performed before the wind turbines are connected to enhance the stability of restored system. An estimation method for the recovery amount of load is introduced, considering the recovery capability of energy storage stations. Based on the auxiliary load demand of the thermal power plant and wind power prediction, the state of charge of the energy storage power station during the black start process is predicted. Then, considering the power and state of charge constraints of the energy storage power station, the amount of critical load to be restored is determined. Transient simulations are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

In order to improve the grid connected efficiency of largescale renewable energy and reduce the impact on traditional power grid, this paper studies the method of aggregating distributed renewable energy and energy storage stations into virtual power plants. By describing the feasible operation domain after aggregation, peak shaving and load filling can be realized, and fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution can be reduced. A virtual power plant flexible polymerization method based on Minkowski sum and convex cell edge detection is proposed. Based on Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, A set of objective functions was established considering both conventional unit operation constraints and energy conservation and capacity constraints of energy storage power station. The multiobjective optimization problem of optimal output of multitype units and charge and discharge sequence of the distributed energy storage was solved, and the unit commitment optimization with virtual power plant was realized. Furthermore, wind power plant and distributed energy storage are added into the standard case of IEEE11 units for simulation verification. The calculation results show that the virtual power plant scheme based on MOPSO optimization has significant effects on renewable energy accommodation, operation cost reduction and fossil energy saving.

Renewablerich remote areas are facing problems such as high cost of external energy supply, low reliability of internal green micropower, high fuel transportation cost and environmental pollution caused by diesel generators as backup power sources, which is not meeting the needs of low carbonization. To solve those problems, this paper propses a design of microenergy network based on hydrogen energy storage in an offgrid hydrogen storage energy supply scenario. The framework for a hydrogenbased zerocarbon microenergy network on account of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of renewable energy in remote areas is presented. Furthermore, the paper proposes the resource endowment and operation constraints of the hydrogen based micro energy network, formulates operation strategies for energy surplus and shortage periods and carries out the case simulation. Simulation results of a village in Yunnan Province prove the feasibility of the proposed microenergy network and its operation strategies, which effectively eliminates the influence of unstable regional green micropower output and seasonal shortage on the reliability of the power supply system and reduces regional thermal load burden. Furthermore, it helps decarbonize the regional energy system. Research results provide a reference for energy consumption improvement and carbon reduction in renewablerich areas such as remote areas and islands.

To ensure the economy of power operation in parks and increase the proportion of clean electric energy, an optimization model of lowcarbon power operation in parks based on green power and voluntary emission reduction transactions is proposed. This model comprehensively considers the purchase cost of green power and thermal power, the cost of photovoltaic power generation, and the income from voluntary emission reductions. The objective function is to minimize the total operating cost, and green electricity, thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation are optimized with combination of random probability constraints in three stages: mediumand longterm, dayahead and realtime. Based on the data of an enterprise park in Nanjing, the analysis results show that under the reasonable price of voluntary emission, the optimization model can slightly reduce the total operating cost of the park, and significantly improve the use ratio of clean electric energy and the park's ability to cope with disturbances. In addition, the impacts of the voluntary emission reduction price and confidence value on the optimization results are analyzed.

In the context of the "double carbon" target, a comprehensive energy system optimization and scheduling model considering REGS and adjustable thermoelectric ratio is proposed to address the abandonment problem caused by the "heatdetermined" mode of CHP units. Firstly, we construct a model such as dry heat rock extraction cycle, and analyze the energy allocation coefficient for REGS as the source of thermoelectric adjustable mechanism; secondly, we study the coupling operation mechanism of REGS with solar thermal power plant and cogeneration unit, analyze the mechanism of coupling operation to improve thermoelectric ratio, and introduce a generalized unit thermoelectric ratio control model; thirdly, we construct an objective function with the sum of energy purchase cost, operation cost, operation and maintenance cost, wind abandonment cost and carbon tax cost; finally, the proposed model is verified to improve the system economy and wind power consumption rate and reduce carbon emission by using the actual data of a region in Northwest China.

The carbon dioxide emissions of various parks account for about 30% of China's total carbon emissions. The lowcarbon and efficient park integrated energy system is an important way to achieve China's "carbon peak, carbon neutrality" goal. Firstly, this paper establishes the electricitycarbon market trading architecture of the park integrated energy system, and analyses the carbon emission responsibility of the park integrated energy system. Then, considering the energy purchase cost and carbon emission transaction cost, the economic operation evaluation model of the electricitycarbon benefit of the park integrated energy system is proposed with the goal of minimizing the overall operation cost of the system. The example analysis shows that the economic operation evaluation model proposed in this paper can fully reflect the carbon emission cost of the integrated energy system, and proves that the introduction of indirect carbon emission cost will increase the overall operation cost. Higher carbon price and higher emission reduction targets can drive the parks to reduce the total carbon emission and help achieve the "double carbon" goal.

The optimal control of wave energy converter clusters helps to make full use of wave resources, for which a wave power cluster optimization method based on a hybrid particle swarm algorithm is proposed. Directdriven wave power generators are taken as the research object to explore the mathematical model for the shortterm scale of the steady state of power generation clusters. Wave dynamic pressure, radiation influence among devices and shading effect among devices are considered in order to simulate more accurately the actual effect of deploying a certain density of wave energy devices. With wave cluster power maximization as the optimization objective, a hybrid particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal parameters of the power generation cluster taking into account the motion of the power generation devices and the energy constraints of the sea area.Crossover and mutation operations are added to the traditional algorithm to cope with the problem of multipeakability in the solution space of the complex equations. The results of the algorithms verify the effectiveness of the cluster optimization method with good solution quality.They also show that the larger the size of the wave power generation cluster, the more complex the radiative influence between the devices and the more obvious the shading effect.

With the promotion of the "dual carbon" goal, the capacity of distributed new energy connected to the power grid has significantly increased. The use of distribution network source network load storage coordination optimization strategy is an important method to achieve distributed new energy consumption, among which reactive power optimization can ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This article proposes an adaptive learning rate convolutional neural network based optimization technique for load storage and reactive power coordination in distribution networks. Firstly, a reactive power optimization model is constructed with the goal of minimizing network loss and voltage offset. Secondly, utilizing the powerful nonlinear fitting ability of convolutional neural networks, the mapping relationship between power grid operation scenarios, reactive power regulation equipment, and energy storage charging and discharging strategies is excavated. Adaptive learning rate is introduced to update network parameters and improve network training efficiency. Finally, by controlling the charging and discharging conditions of reactive power regulation equipment and energy storage devices to coordinate the output of distributed power sources, active optimization control of reactive power and voltage in new distribution network is achieved. After simulation verification of the IEEE33 node power grid model, the results show that the proposed optimization method for load storage and reactive power coordination in the distribution network source network improves the voltage regulation ability of the power system, laying a good foundation for the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network.

A disturbance compensation type improved active disturbance rejection control strategy is designed to address the problems of multiple disturbances, large inertia, and long delay in the SCR system of the coal mining machine system. Based on the model information of the SCR system, a mathematical model of the required form of active disturbance rejection was established. A secondorder degree of freedom auto disturbance rejection was designed to control it, and the total disturbance was reconstructed to be equivalent to unknown disturbances and external disturbances. A new observer was designed for disturbance compensation, forming a disturbance compensation linear auto disturbance rejection, improving the observer's disturbance observation ability and accuracy. Finally, a digital simulation model of the SCR system is built on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform and compared with PI and LADRC. The results show that the disturbance compensation improved active disturbance rejection has better antiinterference and tracking capabilities, verifying the correctness and superiority of the proposed control strategy.