Aiming at the engineering problems such as insufficient crack detection accuracy and limited real-time performance in the complex geological environment of underground mine tunnels, an underground mine tunnel crack-segmentation network (UMTC-net) integrating multi-scale feature perception and adaptive attention mechanism was proposed. This network can realize cross-scale feature extraction of crack images from local texture to global structure through hierarchical cascading of Swin Transformer module groups. Meanwhile, a scaling cosine attention mechanism encoded by relative positions in logarithmic space was introduced to effectively suppress the interference of abnormal pixels. In addition, a codec framework based on dynamic patch merging/expansion was constructed, which solved the problems of ambiguous boundary positioning of fine cracks and high false detection rate in complex backgrounds in traditional methods. The results show that the UMTC-net has an accuracy of 85.15%, an average intersection-union ratio of 85.78%, and an F₁ value of 83.27% in the Crack 500 dataset, and an accuracy of 87.51%, an average intersection-union ratio of 79.98%, and an F₁ value of 86.95% in the MineTunnelCrack-2000 dataset. It exhibits stronger robustness, especially in low light and high dust environments. This network achieves an inference speed of 38.9 ms on the RTX 3060 mobile graphics card, occupying only 5 230 MB of memory and reducing deployment costs by more than 40%. It meets the real-time and low-power requirements of portable detection devices, and has a higher cost-effectiveness for adaptation. In the field test, the detection efficiency of UMTC-net is 8 times higher than that of manual inspection, and the missed detection rate is reduced from 18% to 3.2%. The research results provide an efficient and accurate new scheme for crack detection in underground mine tunnels, which is helpful to find potential safety hazards in time and ensure the safety of mine production and stable operation of equipment.

To reveal the energy consumption patterns of irregular ore particles under impact crushing, impact crushing tests were conducted on six types of iron ore with different properties, and the fractal characteristics of irregular iron ore fragmentation were analyzed, as well as the size effect on average particle size of fragments, fractal dimension, and unit absorption energy. Then, the energy consumption model of irregular single particle crushing was established. The results show that the average particle size of fragments, fractal dimension, unit absorption energy all exhibit a power function relationship with initial isosphere diameter under the same impact conditions. As the isosphere diameter of the particles increases, the average particle size of the fragments gradually increases, and the fractal dimension and unit absorption energy gradually decrease. There is an increasing relationship with power function between unit absorption energy and average particle size of fragments. The relationship between the logarithm of unit absorption energy and fractal dimension shows a linear increase. Through the method of ore crushing tests of irregular single ore particle, relationship models of unit crushing energy consumption of irregular iron ore particles changing with the initial size, average particle size of fragments, and fractal dimension were established, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.789, which effectively describes the energy consumption pattern of ore crushing.

With the increase of mining depth, open stope mining method is facing greater safety hazards and environmental pressure. Filling mining method, as a safe and green mining technology, has been widely used in mining. Taking a large copper mine as the research object, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods, the stope structure parameters of upward layered point pillar filling mining method were optimized, and the effects of stope length, point pillar size and point pillar center spacing on stope stability and mine production capacity were systematically analyzed. The results show that when the stope length is 65 m, the point pillar size is 5 m×5 m, and the point pillar center spacing is 15 m, the stability of the mine stope is high and the production efficiency is the best. The optimization scheme of stope structure parameters can not only effectively guarantee the safe mining of the mine, but also improve the utilization rate of resources, which provides a scientific basis for the application of filling mining technology in similar mines.