Aiming at the problem that the existing machine vision methods cannot effectively detect foreign objects due to the special shape and unobvious characteristics of foreign objects on coal mine conveyor belts, an improved YOLOv11 model was proposed. Firstly, the C3k2-LDC feature extraction module was constructed using linear deformable convolution, so that the model has the ability to extract features of irregular shaped foreign objects. Then, the edge enhancement module was introduced, and the multi-scale feature fusion strategy was adopted to effectively strengthen the edge information of the weak feature foreign object. Finally, a loss function optimization scheme based on WIoU was proposed to reduce the impact of low-quality data samples on training. The effectiveness and robustness of the improved YOLOv11 model were verified by ablation test, comparative test, thermal map and visual analysis. The results show that the mAP50 of the improved YOLOv11 model is 90.2%, which is 4.0, 9.1, 7.4 and 5.7 percentage points higher than that of RT-DETR, EfficientDet-D2, YOLOv8n and YOLOv11s models, respectively. In terms of lightweight, the floating-point calculation amount and parameter amount of the improved YOLOv11 model are 6.8×10⁹ and 2.6×10⁶ respectively, and the detection speed is 127 frames/s, which can realize the real-time foreign object detection task on the basis of ensuring the detection accuracy. Compared with the original model, the improved model pays more attention to the characteristics of complex foreign objects and has good robustness. The research results can provide technical support for mine safety management.

Based on the problems at the Huangshaping Polymetallic Concentrator, where excessive use of sodium sulfide in the bulk flotation process led to difficulties in bismuth-sulfur separation and the accumulation of a large amount of low-grade bismuth middlings, process optimization research for molybdenum-bismuth-sulfur separation was carried out following a process mineralogy study of the raw ore. The results show that the raw ore contains 0.061％ of Mo and 0.048％ of Bi. Using reagents B11 and CK-S and adopting the process flowsheet of grinding-iron removal-molybdenum-bismuth iso-flotation-separation of Mo-Bi bulk concentrate-sulfur flotation from iso-flotation tailings, a molybdenum concentrate with a grade of 38.57％ Mo and a recovery rate of 45.10％ has been obtained, as well as a bismuth concentrate with a grade of 37.21％ Bi and a recovery rate of 68.38％. The tailings from Mo-Bi flotation can be further processed through one roughing, three cleaning, and two scavenging stages to produce a sulfur concentrate with S grade of 23.17％ and a recovery rate of 32.66％. Compared with the original process, the new process significantly increases the bismuth grade from 4.86％ to 37.21％, and adds a saleable sulfur concentrate product. Efficient recovery of bismuth and sulfur has been achieved, effectively solving the problems of low recovery rate and serious resource waste in the original process.

The optimization of the crushing effect of high-pressure roller grinding is of crucial importance in relation to the enhancement of ore processing efficiency, the reduction of energy consumption, and the elevation of product quality. In order to investigate the influence of ore moisture content on the crushing effect of high-pressure rollers, with the magnetite ore from eastern Hebei selected as the research specimen, the interaction between high-pressure rollers and particles under different feed moisture content conditions was simulated by the combination with SolidWorks modeling and EDEM simulation. The simulation results indicate that, as the particle surface energy increases from 0 to 25 J/m², the crushing effect in the high-pressure roller initially strengthens and then weakens, when the particle surface energy reaches 20 J/m², the crushing effect is the best. Open-circuit test results under different feed moisture conditions show that as the feed moisture content rises from 0.11％ to 6％, the crushing performance of the high-pressure roller first improves and then deteriorates, aligning with the simulation trends. When the feed moisture content is within the 1.5％ to 4.5％ range, the product particle size after crushing is finer, and the crushing effect is more favorable.

With the continuous exploitation of wolframite resources, the raw ore gradually tends to be poor and fine. Flotation has become an effective means to improve the recovery efficiency of fine wolframite. In recent years, study of flotation technology has mainly focused on the development of flotation reagents. Taking the development of wolframite flotation reagents as the starting point, the development of collectors, activators and inhibitors in wolframite flotation was introduced. The combination methods, advantages and disadvantages and indexes of reagents were described in detail. The flotation process mechanism of flotation reagents and the mechanism of solid-drug surface action were analyzed. The results show that the chelating collector has strong selectivity, but the cost of the reagent is high, the manufacturing process is complex and the stability is poor, and there are few reagents that can be applied in actual production. Fatty acid collectors are widely used because of their strong collecting ability and low price, but their selectivity will be reduced, and they are often used in combination with other agents. The collecting performance of arsonic acid and phosphonic acid collectors is better than that of fatty acid collectors, but because of its high price and environmental pollution, it has not been applied in actual industrial production. The combined use of collectors can not only reduce the production cost of mines, but also reduce the use of toxic agents to a certain extent. Highly selective activators and inhibitors can achieve efficient separation of wolframite slime and gangue minerals. According to the existing situation, new reagents with high selectivity, low dosage, environmental protection and non-toxicity should be developed according to different ore properties.

In view of the limitations of existing technologies in the field of hydrometallurgy regarding green environmental protection, the application value and development potential of the glycine leaching system as a new type of green hydrometallurgical leaching technology were explored. By analyzing the unique physicochemical properties of glycine and its application advantages in the hydrometallurgy industry, the development history of the glycine hydrometallurgical leaching technology was reviewed, the research status and commercial dynamics of this technology in treating different types of mineral resources were sorted out, and the main existing problems of the technology were systematically summarized. The research results show that the glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology can expand the existing technologies in the metallurgical industry, and has the potential to replace the traditional cyanide gold extraction technology, especially in the field of rare and precious metals. Meanwhile, from aspects such as applicable fields, leaching efficiency of target metals, universality for secondary resources, and the mechanism of synergistic leaching systems, the development direction of the technology is clarified. The glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology has significant application value in the field of green hydrometallurgy, and can provide references for metal resource utilization, recovery of rare and precious resources, and secondary resource processing.

With the deepening of environmental protection concepts and the continuous advancement of battery technology, the development of new energy vehicles has entered an explosive growth period, and it has also triggered a wave of disposal of retired batteries. In order to cope with the challenge of efficient and green recycling of waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the main literatures on the recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries at home and abroad in recent years were comprehensively reviewed, and the latest developments of pretreatment, regeneration and repair, pyrometallurgical and wet recycling technologies were systematically introduced. By analyzing and comparing the main characteristics and shortcomings of various recovery technologies, the advantages of wet selective leaching in current recovery practice were pointed out, and the necessity of its development in the future comprehensive recovery of all components and multi-process coordination was emphasized.

Aiming at the problem of stable driving of mining rehicle in the complex terrain of submarine cobalt-rich crusts, a scheme of four-track all-wheel drive travel mechanism for deep-sea mining vehicles and a terrain-adaptive control method were proposed, and a mechanical model of four-track travel was established. A multi-body dynamics simulation model was built based on Recurdyn software. The characteristics of the four-track travel mechanism, such as straight-line travel, climbing, obstacle-crossing and steering, were analyzed, and laboratory tests and marine tests for the travel mechanism were carried out for verification. The results show that the test results are close to the theoretical calculation values, with the calculation error within 10%. The adaptive control method effectively improves the travel effect of the travel mechanism and reduces the deviation of straight-line travel. When the travel speed is 0.051 m/s, the adoption of vehicle body leveling control can improve the travel stability by 2 to 3 times. However, when the travel speed is 0.198 m/s, the control effect is relatively poor. On the whole, as the travel speed increases, the effect of the adaptive control weakens continuously. The research results can provide references for the research and development of travel technologies and equipment in deep-sea complex terrains.

With the increase of mining depth, open stope mining method is facing greater safety hazards and environmental pressure. Filling mining method, as a safe and green mining technology, has been widely used in mining. Taking a large copper mine as the research object, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods, the stope structure parameters of upward layered point pillar filling mining method were optimized, and the effects of stope length, point pillar size and point pillar center spacing on stope stability and mine production capacity were systematically analyzed. The results show that when the stope length is 65 m, the point pillar size is 5 m×5 m, and the point pillar center spacing is 15 m, the stability of the mine stope is high and the production efficiency is the best. The optimization scheme of stope structure parameters can not only effectively guarantee the safe mining of the mine, but also improve the utilization rate of resources, which provides a scientific basis for the application of filling mining technology in similar mines.

To optimize the mechanical strength performance of mine waste rock-tailings cemented backfill, the Box-Behnken design within the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to conduct a three-factor-three-level test. The synergistic effects of waste rock particle size (0 to −5 mm, +5 mm to −10 mm, +10 mm to −15 mm), mass concentration (84%, 86%, 88%), and sand-to-binder ratio (53%, 60%, 67%) on the uniaxial compressive strength of backfill at different curing ages (7 and 28 days) were systematically explored. At the same time, the traditional orthogonal test was introduced to compare the prediction accuracy and efficiency with the RSM. The RSM results reveal that particle size of waste rock predominantly governs the early-stage strength of the backfill, while mass concentration significantly influences the later-stage strength. The synergistic interaction between particle size and mass concentration is the most pronounced, jointly regulating the skeleton stability and interfacial bonding properties of the backfill. After experimental verification, the accuracy (R²) of the backfill strength prediction model obtained based on RSM is 0.994 9 (7 d) and 0.983 7 (28 d), respectively. The corresponding optimal filling material proportion condition are waste rock particle size of +5 mm to −10 mm, mass concentration of 85.5%, and sand-to-binder ratio of 58.6%. The results of the orthogonal experiment indicate that the particle size of waste rock plays a dominant role in the backfill strength in the early and later stages. Research has shown that RSM can effectively analyze the nonlinear coupling relationship of multiple factors, and the prediction accuracy is significantly improved compared to traditional orthogonal experimental methods.

In order to investigate the microscopic structural characteristics and uniaxial damage evolution law of loess-slag-based cemented filling materials with different water-cement ratios, scanning electron microscopy and acoustic emission tests were conducted on the loess-slag-based cemented filling materials. Furthermore, PFC2D was used to investigate the crack evolution and particle damage characteristics of cemented filling materials with different water-cement ratios under uniaxial compression. The results show that when the water-cement ratio is small, the cemented filling material can generate more hydration products and the structure of the specimen is denser. The acoustic emission ringing count curves of cemented filling materials can be divided into compaction stage, linear-elastic deformation stage, crack constant-velocity expansion stage, crack sudden increase stage, and post-peak stage, and the ringing count characteristics are correlated with the strength characteristics. As the water-cement ratio increases, the cracking stress and damage stress during the compression process of the specimen gradually decrease, and the ratio of cracking stress to peak stress and damage stress to peak stress are not affected by the water-cement ratio. When the cemented filling material is damaged, shear cracks are the main type. As the water-cement ratio decreases, the number of cracks increases and the maximum value of the force chain increases. Changing the water-cement ratio has little effect on the spatial distribution of internal cracks and force chains in the specimens.