In order to better monitor the filling morphology effect of goaf, a study on the characterization of grouting filling morphology effect with polarizability as the target was carried out based on resistivity parameters. Seven different kinds of cement were selected and prepared with five different contents of graphite powder. The variation of resistivity and polarizability of cement-based grouting filling materials was analyzed. The electrical characteristics and compressive strength of grouting filling materials under different cement types and ratios were studied, and the application test was carried out. The indoor test results indicate that with the increase of graphite powder conten, the compressive strength decreases, and the polarizability increases. When the ratio of cement to graphite is less than 10:1, the polarizability increases rapidly. In addition to sulphoaluminate cement, the content of graphite powder has little effect on the resistivity of cement-based grouting filling materials. Under the condition that the resistivity difference before and after grouting filling in goaf is not obvious, the visual characterization of filling morphology effect can be realized by polarizability (when the polarizability value of filling material is more than 3 times that of surrounding rock, the characterization effect is obvious). The research finding which is of great significance for broadening the field of grouting geophysical monitoring and improving the monitoring effect.

Based on the first-principles of density functional theory, quantum chemical calculations were performed using the CASTEP module of Materials Studio (MS) software to simulate and optimize the crystal structure, cleavage surface, and adsorption models of magnesite and hornblende in adsorption with reagents. On this basis, the band structure and density of states of magnesite and hornblende were analyzed. The adsorption energies of dodecylamine and the novel collector KDLX on the magnesite (104) and amphibole (110) surfaces were obtained, respectively. The results show that the band gap widths of magnesite and hornblende are 4.920 eV and 3.962 eV. The optimized crystal structure has a better stability. The ammonium hydrogen atoms in dodecylamine and KDLX undergo hydrogen bonding and physical adsorption with the oxygen atoms of minerals. Compared with dodecylamine, KDLX has a stronger adsorption capacity for hornblende and it is predicted that the collector can be used for flotation removal of silica-containing gangue minerals in magnesite ore. This study has revealed the surface characteristics of minerals and the adsorption mechanism of reagents, which has a guiding significance for the flotation separation of magnesite and hornblende and the selection of flotation reagents.

In order to investigate the microscopic structural characteristics and uniaxial damage evolution law of loess-slag-based cemented filling materials with different water-cement ratios, scanning electron microscopy and acoustic emission tests were conducted on the loess-slag-based cemented filling materials. Furthermore, PFC2D was used to investigate the crack evolution and particle damage characteristics of cemented filling materials with different water-cement ratios under uniaxial compression. The results show that when the water-cement ratio is small, the cemented filling material can generate more hydration products and the structure of the specimen is denser. The acoustic emission ringing count curves of cemented filling materials can be divided into compaction stage, linear-elastic deformation stage, crack constant-velocity expansion stage, crack sudden increase stage, and post-peak stage, and the ringing count characteristics are correlated with the strength characteristics. As the water-cement ratio increases, the cracking stress and damage stress during the compression process of the specimen gradually decrease, and the ratio of cracking stress to peak stress and damage stress to peak stress are not affected by the water-cement ratio. When the cemented filling material is damaged, shear cracks are the main type. As the water-cement ratio decreases, the number of cracks increases and the maximum value of the force chain increases. Changing the water-cement ratio has little effect on the spatial distribution of internal cracks and force chains in the specimens.

As one of the key processes in the stage open stope with subsequent filling mining method, the quality of the slot raise construction directly affects the effect of the subsequent blasting to form the cutting groove, and ultimately affects the quality of large-scale caving mining. In view of the problems of low intelligence, high safety risk and large occupational injury in the construction of traditional artificial sight distance operation raise boring machine, combined with the mining status and occurrence conditions of porphyry ore body in Shanxi Zijin, the existing construction mode of slot raise was optimized to realize the intelligent construction of slot raise. A dynamic optimization control technology for operation parameters was proposed, which used the mountain climbing method to achieve dynamic parameter optimization, and achieved autonomous and efficient continuous drilling through a remote intelligent control system based on 5G communication technology. The industrial application results show that the raise boring machine with remote intelligent control system can also maintain high-precision hole drilling and hole expansion operations in complex rock formations with fractured zones, with an average pilot hole footage of 1.75 m/hand an average reaming footage of 1.375 m/h, and a deviation rate of only 0.68%. The study can provide a reference for unmanned construction of wellbores in other scenarios.

In order to promote the leaching of Ca and Mg elements in anorthite, a strain hzt-1′ with good adaptability to anorthite was screened from the soil of Jialiangshan, Fangshan County, Lvliang City, Shanxi Province. It was identified as Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. The optimum growth conditions of the strain and the optimum leaching conditions of anorthite in Czapek Medium were investigated. The optimum growth conditions of strain hzt-1′ are as follows: pH of 6, liquid volume of 80 mL, inoculation volume of 7%, glucose as the best carbon source (20 g/L), and NaNO₃ as the best nitrogen source (1 g/L). The optimum leaching conditions of strain hzt-1′ are as follows: pH of 6, inoculation volume of 3%, pulp mass concentration of 20 g/L, and liquid volume of 100 mL. Under these conditions, the leaching rates of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in anorthite are 50.3% and 39.91%, respectively. The strain promotes the dissolution of anorthite through proton exchange and complexation, accelerates the leaching of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and thus improves the utilization rate of anorthite and other mineral resources. This study can provide a new strain for efficient leaching of silicate minerals.

The contents of silver (Ag), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and sulfur (S) in a polymetallic ore in Heilongjiang are 330.52 g/t, 0.57%, 0.29%, 25.77%, 9.05% and 3.38%, respectively. Due to the carbon content is high, mineral dissemination relationship is complex, as well as Ag, Pb and Zn are partially wrapped in Fe-Mn minerals, it is difficult to guarantee the concentrate grade and recovery rate. In order to realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable components in the ore, the process of Ag−Pb−Zn mixed flotation and Fe-Mn magnetic separation was adopted, and the full process closed-circuit test was carried out. The Ag, Pb and Zn grades of the Ag−Pb−Zn mixed concentrate obtained by the test are 3 010.80 g/t, 5.39% and 2.37%, respectively, and the recovery rates are 83.35%, 89.61% and 77.55%, respectively. The Fe grade and recovery rate of the Fe concentrate are 60.97% and 8.01%, respectively, and the total Fe recovery rate is 71.89%. The Mn grade and recovery rate of Mn concentrate are 18.30% and 76.38%, respectively. The tailings yield of the full process is 50.23%, and the Ag, Pb and Zn grades of the tailings are 35.07 g/t, 0.055% and 0.068%, respectively. By using copper sulfate as an activator and butyl xanthate+ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate as a collectors in Ag−Pb−Zn mixed flotation, the process has realized the comprehensive recovery of Ag, Pb and Zn with high recovery rates, as well as the effective recovery of Fe and Mn, additionally, the backwater can be reused in production.

In order to explore the influences of different cutting parameters on the cutting performance of the oscillating cutting disc, the Discrete Element Method was used to simulate the cutting process of the oscillating cutting disc, and the influences of eccentricity distance, oscillating frequency, feed rate and cutting depth on the cutting performance were studied. The results show that the average load of rock breaking with the oscillating cutting disc is obviously lower than that of the non-oscillating cutting disc. When the feed rate is 60 mm/s, 90 mm/s, 120 mm/s, 150 mm/s and 180 mm/s respectively, compared with the non-oscillating condition, the average load of the cutting disc under the oscillating condition is reduced by 37.37%, 44.19%, 57.47%, 60.32% and 61.25% respectively. Under the same condition, with the increase of eccentricity distance, the average load decreases firstly and then tends to be stable. With the increase of feed rate, the average load decreases gradually, and the maximum load increases gradually and then tends to be stable. When the feed rate is less than or equal to 90 mm/s, the average load increases with the increase of the oscillating frequency. When the feed rate is greater than 90 mm/s, the larger the oscillating frequency, the smaller the average load. When the cutting depth is 40 mm, the average load and the maximum load are the smallest. When the eccentricity distance, oscillating frequency, feed rate and cutting depth of the oscillating cutting disc are 3 mm, 60 Hz, 150 mm/s and 40 mm, the cutting performance is the best. The research results can provide a reference for the determination of the cutting parameters of the oscillating cutting disc.

Aiming at the problem of stable driving of mining rehicle in the complex terrain of submarine cobalt-rich crusts, a scheme of four-track all-wheel drive travel mechanism for deep-sea mining vehicles and a terrain-adaptive control method were proposed, and a mechanical model of four-track travel was established. A multi-body dynamics simulation model was built based on Recurdyn software. The characteristics of the four-track travel mechanism, such as straight-line travel, climbing, obstacle-crossing and steering, were analyzed, and laboratory tests and marine tests for the travel mechanism were carried out for verification. The results show that the test results are close to the theoretical calculation values, with the calculation error within 10%. The adaptive control method effectively improves the travel effect of the travel mechanism and reduces the deviation of straight-line travel. When the travel speed is 0.051 m/s, the adoption of vehicle body leveling control can improve the travel stability by 2 to 3 times. However, when the travel speed is 0.198 m/s, the control effect is relatively poor. On the whole, as the travel speed increases, the effect of the adaptive control weakens continuously. The research results can provide references for the research and development of travel technologies and equipment in deep-sea complex terrains.

The existing object detection algorithms for shaking table concentrate bands have problems such as inability to balance detection accuracy and speed, high computational costs, difficulty in compressing model size, and slow inference speed. To address these problems, a lightweight fusion network for shaking tables (YC-Lightweight Net) object detection algorithm was proposed. The YC-Lightweight Net model firstly used a repetitive visual transformation network to extract features from the images of shaking table sub-banding. Then, by introducing group space convolution, multi-scale efficient cross stage fusion modules, and using skip connections, an efficient and lightweight neck network was designed. Finally, a weight based layer adaptive pruning algorithm was used to compress the model size. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall, mean average precision, and FPS indicators of the YC-Lightweight Net model are 98.4%, 97.9%, 98.8% and 333 frame/s, respectively. The detection accuracy and speed are significantly better than those of the compared models. The number of parameters, floating-point operations, and model size after pruning are 13.9%, 15.4% and 17.5% of the original model, respectively. The pruning operation greatly reduces the computational complexity and model size of the model. The YC-Lightweight Net model has good detection accuracy and real-time performance, meeting the requirements of industrial equipment for lightweight models in shaking table mineral processing plants. The study can provide a technical support for accurate identification of separation points in mineral bands and intelligent upgrading of the shaking table mineral processing plant equipment.

In the second-step mining of open stoping with subsequent filling mining method, the blasting vibration has significant influence on the stability of the artificial pillar formed after the cement filling in the first-step stope. Based on the background of mining in the transition from open-pit to underground in Sijiaying Iron Mine, a 3D geological model and a numerical calculation model of stope were established by using the FLAC numerical simulation method. And three mining sequences of the second-step stope in the mining panel were studied, including “from one side to the other side” “from the center to both sides” and “from two sides to the center”. When the distance between the blasting hole and the backfill was 1.0 m and 1.5 m respectively, the characteristics of the effect of blasting on the stability of the artificial pillar were obtained, and the strength demand of the backfill body was inverted. The results are concluded as follows. Firstly, when the peak pressure of the blasting load is 15 MPa, with the increase in the distance from the hole to the backfill, the maximum principal stress of the backfill in the first-step stope decreases. The concentrated stress and plastic failure range in the backfill under the “from two sides to the center” mining sequence are the least, which is the most favorable to the stability of the backfill. Secondly, when the mining sequence of the second-step stope is “from two sides to the center”, the longer the distance between the blasting hole and the backfill, the smaller the plastic zone in the backfill, which is more favorable to the stability of the backfill. Meanwhile, the larger the distribution range of the shear plastic zone formed in the two-step mining ore body, the more conducive to the carving of the two-step stope. Thirdly, the strength of cemented backfill prepared by cementing powder and unclassified tailings with a ratio of1:6can meet the stability requirements of artificial pillars.