To address the challenge that existing denoising methods struggle to effectively extract microseismic signals from fractured rock masses in mines, a combined algorithm based on improved adaptive noise ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMDAN) and improved wavelet thresholding (IWT) was proposed. Firstly, the algorithm decomposed the noisy microseismic signal using ICEEMDAN to obtain the instrumental modal functions (IMF_s). Secondly, noise-containing components were filtered based on correlation coefficients, and the IWT algorithm was used for denoising. Finally, the denoised microseismic signal was obtained through wavelet transformation. At the same time, the accuracy of the algorithm was verified using both microseismic simulation data and real-world data. The denoising performance of the ICEEMDAN-IWT combined algorithm was quantitatively compared with that of other mainstream denoising algorithms, using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), normalized cross-correlation coefficient (NCC), and mean square error (MSE) as evaluation indicators. The results show that the ICEEMDAN-IWT combined algorithm achieves the best denoising performance, with an SNR of 28.06 dB, an NCC of 0.999 2, and an MSE of 0.014 45. After processing with the ICEEMDAN-IWT combined algorithm, the denoised waveform exhibits significantly improved characteristics while fully preserving the original phase information. However, there is still room for improvement in the denoising performance for waveform data with high amplitude ratios. Future research can further optimize the algorithm performance by incorporating intelligent methods such as deep learning.

To achieve efficient flotation of azurite, the influence of a new sulfurizing agent, GX2, on the sulfide flotation behavior of azurite was investigated through single-mineral flotation tests, with comparisons made to sulfurizing agents such as ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfide. Testing methods including Zeta potential measurement, contact angle tests, adsorption capacity tests, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were employed to explore the sulfidation mechanisms of different agents on azurite. The results indicate that GX2 exhibits superior sulfidation performance compared to the other two agents. Under conditions of pulp pH of 9, sulfidation time of 2 min, dibutyl dithiophosphate dosage of 120 mg/L, GX2 dosage of 20 mg/L, and collector oil dosage of 80 mg/L, the maximum flotation recovery rate of azurite can reach 94.37%. GX2 acts on the surface of azurite through chemical adsorption, enhancing its electronegativity and forming hydrophobic Cu—S components on the mineral surface, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of collectors and improving the sulfidation effect on the mineral surface.

To effectively solve the dual technical problems of separation of fluorite, rare earth and minerals containing calcium, barium/strontium separation and separation of fluorite and rare earth in a fluorite-rare earth polymetallic ore in Henan Province, as well as the comprehensive utilization of low-grade molybdenum and lead, the beneficiation process was studied. The grade of CaF₂ and REO in the fluorite-rare earth polymetallic ore are 21.73% and 1.56%, respectively, accompanied by molybdenum and lead, and their grades are 0.055% and 0.54%, respectively. The content of calcite and barite in the gangue component is high, and it is closely related to fluorite and rare earth. The principle process of "first flotation enrichment of molybdenum and lead, then recovery of fluorite and rare earth" and the mineral processing scheme of "fluorite and rare earth mixed flotation" + "magnetic-gravity combined separation" were adopted. Modified fatty acid collectors CK-1 and CK-2 were used in combination, and calcium, barium/strontium gangue was strengthened and inhibited by acidified water glass. The whole process closed circuit test obtained lead concentrate with a Pb grade of 55.12% and a Pb recovery rate of 33.63%; molybdenum lead intermediate ore with a Mo grade of 3.28%, a Pb grade of 7.95%, a Mo recovery rate of 56.86%, and a Pb recovery rate of 13.03%; fluorite concentrate with a CaF₂ grade of 95.41% and a CaF₂ recovery rate of 79.32%; rare earth concentrate with a REO grade of 56.83% and a REO recovery rate of 45.10%. The process realizes the efficient recovery of fluorite and rare earth and the comprehensive utilization of molybdenum and lead, which provides technical support for the development and utilization of the complex polymetallic ore.

The Hami region of Xinjiang is rich in low-grade iron ore. A certain iron ore has a TFe grade ranging from 14% to 20%, with associated Ti, V, and P, and it is classified as an ultra-low-grade vanadium-titanium magnetite. To explore the potential for comprehensive recovery of its valuable components, process mineralogy studies including phase analysis and microscopic identification were carried out. The occurrence state, dissemination characteristics, and particle size of valuable minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite, and apatite were determined. On this basis, experimental studies on dry pre-concentration and the comprehensive recovery of iron (vanadium), titanium, and phosphorus were carried out. A full-process principle flowsheet was ultimately determined as dry pre-concentration-flotation for desulfurization-flotation for phosphorus recovery-low-intensity magnetic separation for iron-gravity separation for titanium recovery. An iron concentrate with a TFe grade of 57.15% and an operating recovery of 34.31%, a titanium concentrate with a TiO₂ grade of 46.40% and an operating recovery of 20.08%, as well as a phosphorus concentrate with a P₂O₅ grade of 28.25% and an operating recovery of 53.81% have been obtained. Rare earth element partitioning analysis was conducted on the various concentrate products obtained from the experiments, and the results show that rare earth elements exhibit the highest correlation with apatite, with a rare earth recovery of 60% in the phosphorus concentrate. The research findings can serve as a reference for the comprehensive utilization of such vanadium-titanium magnetite resources in the Xinjiang region.

In view of the situation that the graphite contained in graphite tailings is not fully recovered, experiments on graphite recovery were carried out on graphite tailings from a certain area in Heilongjiang with a fixed carbon content of 3.40%. The properties of graphite tailings were investigated by chemical multi-element analysis, XRD analysis and optical microscopy analysis methods. On this basis, roughing condition experiments and stage grinding-stage separation experiments of graphite tailings were carried out. The results indicate that graphite in the tailings mostly occurs in the form of inclusions or paragenesis adjacent to other minerals. Graphite particles vary in size and are mostly distributed in the +0.09 mm size fraction of the tailings. To fully liberate graphite from the tailings and avoid argillization, a multi-stage grinding and multi-stage separation flowsheet should be adopted. When the grinding fineness of the -200 mesh content is 29.52%, the flotation mass concentration is 20%, the kerosene dosage is 300 g/t, and the No.2 oil dosage is 50 g/t, graphite rough concentrate with a fixed carbon content of 15.62% and a recovery rate of 72.88% is obtained. A closed-circuit flotation test was carried out on the graphite tailings by adopting the process of four-stage grinding, one roughing, five cleaning, and combined middlings returning. Graphite concentrate with a fixed carbon content of 81.33% and a recovery rate of 61.51% is obtained.

The silver in a certain silver-polymetallic ore in Heilongjiang Province mainly occurs in sulfide minerals, the iron and manganese mainly occur in carbonate minerals, and a small amount of iron occurs in magnetite. In order to efficiently recover silver, iron and manganese from the ore, a combined flotation-magnetic separation process of silver flotation-iron low-intensity magnetic separation-manganese high-intensity magnetic separation was developed. The beneficiation indexes obtained from the closed-circuit test of the whole process are as follows: the silver grade of the silver concentrate is 3 287.35 g/t, and the recovery rate is 85.82%. The iron grade of the iron concentrate is 60.74%, and the recovery rate of magnetic iron is 79.85%. The manganese grade of the manganese concentrate is 15.03%, and the recovery rate is 76.65%. By optimizing reagent dosage and improving the process configuration in the pilot continuous separation tests, a silver concentrate with a silver grade of 4 120.36 g/t and a recovery rate of 88.75%, an iron concentrate with an iron grade of 62.38% and a magnetic iron recovery rate of 79.42%, and a manganese concentrate with a manganese grade of 15.06% and a recovery rate of 73.97% were obtained. The tailings water after flocculation and sedimentation with polyacrylamide is reused in the whole process, and the fluctuation of concentrate indices is less than 3.0%. The research results can provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization of similar complex mineral resources.

Under the background of the national "double carbon" strategy and the realization mechanism of ecological product value, in order to solve the dilemma of "two skins" of mine restoration and transformation of ecological product value in the Nanling Ethnic Corridor, 20 multi-mineral mine restoration cases in the region were taken as samples, and the grounded theory was used to carry out system coding analysis. Firstly, the four key problems of inefficient utilization of waste resources, prominent technical bottlenecks, weak funding sustainability and ineffective cross-departmental coordination were identified. Then, combined with the core attributes of regional multi-mineral composite, cross-domain governance and national dependence, the four-dimensional optimization path of waste recycling revitalization industry, breaking through technical bottlenecks, innovating financial mechanism and strengthening system governance was constructed. The results show that the path can be targeted to solve the unique restoration problems in the study area and make up for the theoretical defects in the realization of the mine restoration ecological product value in the Nanling Ethnic Corridor. It not only opens up the transformation channel from "lucid waters and lush mountains" to "gold and silver mountains" for cross-regional and multi-ethnic areas and provides a replicable "Nanling experience", but also provides a methodological reference for the study of the realization of ecological products value in similar regions.

To actively explore and establish a new path for green mining development with multiple objectives including the "green mine pattern", focusing on the standardization field of green mining development, guided by the macroscopic design idea of the standard system, adopting the theories of mineral resources discipline, and combining the practical work demands of green development in China's mining industry, exploratory research on the standardization path of high-quality green mining development of China's mining industry was carried out. Supported by the existing research achievements related to mineral resources, taking the green development concept as the administrative logic and the research on mineral resources standards as the technical logic, research work in the fields of basic general standards for green mining development, green geological exploration standardization, green mine standardization, and intensive and economical utilization standardization of mineral resources was carried out. Supported by the construction theories and models of the natural resources standard system, research on the green mining development standard system was carried out from three levels of basic standards, category generality and sub-category generality respectively, and the framework of the green mining development standard system was established. By analyzing the framework and contents of the green mining development standard system, the key research directions and implementation paths for the standardization of high-quality green mining development were put forward. The research findings have important guiding significance for supporting and promoting the high-quality green mining development.

To address the stability challenges of stopes under high in-situ stress and complex geological conditions in deep mining operations, based on the engineering background of Sishanling Iron Mine, a "theoretical-empirical-numerical" collaborative optimization method for the stope structure parameters was established. Firstly, using the Mathews stability graphical method, the exposed area of the stope and the safety range of the pillars were initially screened based on the correction value of the Q system and the shape factor. Secondly, through engineering analogy analysis of the experience of similar stopes in both domestic and foreign regions, the reasonable exposed area of the roof and the geometric parameters of the stope were determined. Finally, a three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation was employed to construct the mining excavation model. The stress, displacement, volume of the plastic zone, and the number of tensile fractures for the three different mining structure parameter schemes were quantitatively evaluated to determine the optimal scheme. The results show that the optimal parameters for the mining room are 80 m (length）×20 m (width）×60 m (height). The roof settlement (1.76 cm) and sidewall displacement (4.46 cm) of this scheme are both below the safety threshold, and the volume of the plastic zone (23 543 m³) and the number of tension fractures (2 157) are significantly better than those of other schemes. After the stope excavation, the roof of the working face mainly undergoes tensile failure, while the side walls exhibit a mixed failure mode of tension and shear. This stress redistribution characteristic provides a quantitative basis for the design of support structures and disaster prevention. The multi-method collaborative optimization system provides a scientific basis for the design of stope structure parameters, and has significant engineering reference value for deep well mines with a depth of several kilometers.

Accurately understanding the instability mechanisms of surrounding rock in deep hard rock roadways is of great engineering significance for the design of roadway support parameters. Taking the kilometer-deep marble roadways at the Jinchuan mine as the research object, a self-defined heterogeneous material program was developed based on the voronoi joint network and Weibull distribution function built in RS2 using the continuous-discontinuous numerical simulation method. A heterogeneous-joint finite element model for the rock and rock mass was established, the deformation parameters and mechanical parameters of marble were calibrated, and the deformation and failure law of deep hard rock was revealed. Meanwhile, considering the joint characteristics of the surrounding rock in the roadway, a heterogeneous-joint finite element model for the roadway was constructed, which reproduced the failure characteristics of deep hard rock roadways. A local support scheme was proposed to address the failure laws of unsupported roadways. The study indicates that the rock and rock mass models constructed based on the heterogeneous-joint finite element method can effectively characterize the deformation and failure laws of deep hard rock. The simulation results of the heterogeneous-joint finite element roadway model are consistent with the the field roadway damage, thereby validating the rationality of this method. Compared with the unsupported condition, the maximum depths of the plastic zones in the left and right ribs of the roadway were reduced by 62.9% and 58.0% respectively after the application of the local support scheme, the numbers of block and joint failures decreased by 83.0% and 74.5% respectively, and the maximum deformation of the roadway was reduced by 33.8%, which verifies the reliability of the local support scheme. The research results provide a reference for the analysis of failure characteristics of surrounding rock in deep hard rock roadway, and expand the idea of deformation control of surrounding rock in deep hard rock roadway.