Based on the spiral cutting pick cutting and crushing method, the cutting and crushing behavior of spiral drum cutting picks on the ore body and the cutting and crushing process were analyzed, and a dynamic model for ore body cutting and crushing based on pick cutting had been constructed. Based on the HMB contact model in EDEM, a simulation model of cutting picks cutting cobalt-rich crust ore bodies was established, a test platform for simulating ore body crushing was prepared, and verification tests on the cutting and crushing force characteristics of single-tooth and full-tooth cutting were carried out. Test and simulation results are basically consistent in overall trends. In the single-tooth spiral drum test, when the cutting speed increases from 0.05 m/s to 0.1 m/s, the cutting resistance increases by 12.2％. In the full-tooth spiral drum test, when the cutting depth increases from 10 mm to 30 mm, the cutting resistance increases by 110％, and the load fluctuation coefficient increases by 43.4％. With the vibration excitation-assisted crushing method, when the cutting depth is 20 mm and 30 mm, the cutting resistance decreases by 16％ and 10％ respectively. When the cutting depth is 30 mm, the load fluctuation coefficient increases by 16.7％. Test results show that compared with cutting speed, cutting resistance is more sensitive to cutting depth. The greater the cutting depth or the faster the cutting speed, the greater the load fluctuation. The adoption of the vibration excitation-assisted crushing method helps reduce the required cutting force, but the cutting vibration intensifies. The research results can provide technical support for the study on operating parameters of the cutting and crushing technology for deep-sea cobalt-rich crusts and the development of crushing heads.

Revealing the distribution of abutment pressure in the superimposed affected area of goaf is the basis for carrying out the prevention and control of rock burst during excavation in this area. Taking the excavation of the 71330 track roadway in Tianchen Coal Mine as the engineering background, the spatial structure of overlying rock and the evolution characteristics of abutment pressure in the superimposed affected area of goaf were studied through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Corresponding countermeasures for prevention and control of rock burst were proposed, and these countermeasures were verified through on-site monitoring data. The results show that a single goaf forms an U-shaped spatial structure of overlying rock, with a relatively low degree of vertical stress concentration. When there are multiple goafs, a S-shaped spatial structure of overlying rock is formed on one side, and the degree of vertical stress concentration in its superimposed affected area is relatively high. During the excavation in the superimposed affected area of goaf, the degree of vertical stress concentration increases further. Adopting the “release-cutoff-reduction-impact resistance” countermeasures has achieved effective prevention and control of rock burst during excavation in the superimposed affected area of goaf. Microseismic events show the characteristic of “high frequency and low energy”. The load of anchor bolt (cable) to support roadway surrounding rock is lower than its fracture limit, and the observation value of the roadway side stress tends to be stable 30 days after point layout. The research results can provide a reference for the prevention and control of rock burst under similar conditions.

To investigate the damage effect of fractured rock masses in deep geothermal high-temperature environment, gneiss was taken as the research object, and micro CT scanning was carried out to obtain the micro-fracture evolution characteristics of rocks under geothermal high-temperature action. Combined with three-dimensional seepage simulation and uniaxial compression test, the permeability performance and strength degradation law were analyzed. The results indicate that geothermal high-temperature effects can cause structural damage to rock masses. As the heat treatment temperature increases from 25 ℃ (untreated) to 800 ℃, the quality loss rate of gneiss specimens rises from 0.181％ to 1.767％, the strength decay rate reaches 34.81％, and the surface porosity increases from 1.74％ to 6.28％. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the porosity of gneiss specimens gradually rises, and the non-uniformity of pore distribution intensifies. The non-connected pores within the rock continuously expand and interconnect, while the volume proportion of connected fractures significantly increases. The formation, propagation, and interconnection of thermal fracture surfaces caused by thermal damage effects adversely impact the impermeability and load-bearing performance of gneiss specimens. Given the multi-scale damage effect caused by geothermal high-temperature environment on deep rock masses, effective fracture sealing measures must be implemented in practical engineering to ensure the safe operation of deep mining.

Aiming at the efficient rock breaking technology and theoretical challenges faced by the full section tunnel boring machine (TBM) under complex conditions of deep underground high confining pressure, systematically explorations of the energy evolution and dissipation characteristics of TBM dual disc cutters for rock breaking in deep ground were obtained. Based on Abaqus nonlinear finite element software, a numerical model of dual disc cutters for intrusion rock breaking was constructed to analyze the damage and energy evolution characteristics of rock mass under variable confining pressure conditions. The effects of confining pressure, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, disc cutter blade width, and disc cutter spacing on energy dissipation of rock mass were studied. The research results indicate that confining pressure significantly changes the damage and failure mode of rock mass. When the confining pressure is low, longitudinal damage development is dominant in the rock mass, and increasing confining pressure promotes lateral damage development, resulting in tensile shear composite fracture. When the confining pressure is 25 MPa, the energy sudden change dissipation rate reaches its peak and enters the energy stable dissipation stage at the earliest. The compressive strength of rocks is nonlinearly correlated with energy dissipation. When the penetration is greater than 1 mm and the compressive strength of rocks is 105 MPa, the energy dissipation rate is the lowest. Under this condition, rocks are prone to breakage. Under high penetration conditions, increasing the disc cutter blade width and disc cutter spacing can promote energy release within the rock mass and improve TBM excavation efficiency. The research results can provide theoretical basis for energy-saving and efficiency improvement of TBM excavation in deep engineering.

Ensuring the stope stability is the foundation for the efficient and safe extraction of broken and thick ore bodies. Taking the mining of a broken and thick ore body in a certain mine as the engineering background, researches were conducted on optimizing the structural parameters of the stope during the orebody mining process using the downward wall filling mining method. The influences of drift dimensions, drift layout patterns, and filling frequencies on stope stability were analyzed in detail from three perspectives of principal stress, vertical displacement, and plastic zone. The findings indicate that the principal stress in the roof of the excavation zone exhibits an approximately uniform distribution, with the minimum principal stress showing tensile stress in the hanging wall and adjacent areas, while the maximum principal stress remains compressive. The central roof of the stope experiences the greatest settlement, while significant settlement is also observed in the hanging wall area, with no settlement but slight bulging in the footwall. The recommended optimal structural parameters are as follows, drift dimensions of 3.0 m×3.0 m, a vertical cross-shaped layout of drift, and a full-height filling process. Industrial trials demonstrate that this optimized solution can control the loss and dilution rate of the stope to approximately 5％, with mining costs maintained at 150 yuan per ton. The resource recovery efficiency and economic benefits are effectively enhanced, providing reliable technical support for subsequent safe and efficient mining operations in the mine.

To investigate the influence of the brow line damage scale on the ore drawing effect, based on the random medium ore drawing theory, a single-segment end ore drawing model was established using the physical similarity test method. The ore drawing test under the brow line damage was carried out from the two scales of the brow line damage width and height. The development law of the draw-out body under different test parameters was determined by the hole-reach method, and the ore drawing loss and dilution index was calculated. The results show that under the same cut-off grade drawing conditions, with the increase of the brow line damage width, the profile width of the drawn body in the direction of the mining approach increases significantly, while the profile width of the drawn body in the direction perpendicular of the mining approach does not change significantly. For every 0.5 m increase in the brow line damage width, the proportion of front waste rock increases by an average of 1.2 percentage points, the proportion of top waste rock decreases by an average of 0.5 percentage points, and the ore recovery rate decreases by an average of 0.6 percentage points. When the brow line damage height increases, the development direction of the drawn body is mainly in the vertical direction, and the shape of the drawn body is more slender. For every 0.5 m increase in the brow line damage height, the proportion of front waste rock decreases by an average of 0.2 percentage points, the proportion of top waste rock increases by an average of 3.9 percentage points, and the ore recovery rate decreases by an average of 5.0 percentage points. The influence of the brow line damage height on the ore drawing effect is significantly higher than that of the brow line damage width. Therefore, in engineering practice, priority should be given to taking measures to avoid and reduce the damage of brow line in the height direction.

The form and thickness of isolation pillars in transition areas are crucial to the safety and efficiency of mine production during the transition from caving mining to filling mining. Taking the mine production of a gold mine in the transition stage from caving mining to filling mining as the background, a scheme of combined setting of pot-bottom isolated pillar and horizontal isolated pillar was proposed, and the safe thickness and stability of the combined isolation pillar were analyzed by theoretical calculation and FLAC3D numerical simulation. The results show that the theoretical thickness of the horizontal isolation pillar at the bottom of the combined isolation pillar is 30 m, while the thickness of the pot-bottom isolation pillar is 15 m. Through the calculation of the maximum unbalanced force and excavation convergence balance cost, it is found that the ground pressure activity during the transition from caving mining to filling mining is generally stable. The isolation pillar does not exceed the tensile stress limit during the mining process, and there is no phenomenon of plastic failure penetration. It shows that the isolation pillar has good self-bearing capacity, which ensures the safety of synchronous mining of caving mining to filling mining. The application of the filling method significantly slows down the settlement rate of the ore body and enhances the stope stability. However, it is necessary to be alert to the local plastic failure of the filling body in the side of the stope and the potential landslide risk in the upper part.

To determine the safety pillar thickness and predict dangerous slopes for a mine in transition from open-pit to underground mining, numerical simulation was conducted based on Rhino and FLAC3D software to analyze the safety pillar thickness, the reliability of the mining method, and the slope safety factor after the completion of underground mining. Firstly, the underground mining method was selected based on the occurrence characteristics of the orebody, then, a simplified stope model was established according to the selected mining method, and a relatively conservative safety pillar thickness was determined. Subsequently, the stope was further divided through refined modeling to verify the reliability of the selected mining method. Finally, the potential dangerous slopes were identified using the strength reduction method, and the slope safety factor after the completion of underground mining was determined. The results show that a 30 m thick safety pillar can ensure safe production during underground mining. After the completion of underground mining, the panel remains generally stable, and the selected mining method is reasonable and reliable. The slope safety factor after underground mining is 4, and the relatively dangerous slope is located on the northern side of the central part of the final pit boundary.

In the downward drift filling mining method, the roof backfill is usually divided into a bearing layer and a capping layer, and their strength is a key factor to ensure roof stability during the drift mining process. Force analysis was carried out on the downward rectangular drift. Considering that both sides of the drift were backfill, the strengths of the bearing layer and capping layer of the drift backfill were designed respectively by combining the stress solution method for rectangular openings based on complex functions with the unconfined compressive deformation test and shear strength test of backfill. An on-site industrial application was carried out in a metal mine in Yunnan to verify the rationality of the designed strength. The results show that when the lateral pressure coefficient of the backfill is 0.29, and the height-width ratio of the rectangular roadway is set to 1.0, the tensile strength of the bearing layer is designed as σ_t＝0.26 MPa and the compressive strength of the capping layer as σ_c＝2.88 MPa with a safety factor of f＝1.5. During the mining and filling process of the underground stope, no phenomena of lateral collapse of the backfill or roof caving are observed. The designed strength meets the requirements of on-site safe operation, and it is estimated to save the mine a filling cost of 5.58 million yuan per year.

Taking the ultra-fine mine tailings as the experimental research object, the optimum mass concentration of the slurry under the conditions of gravity flow and pumping was explored through slump tests, strength ratio tests and response surface analysis. The key factors affecting the compressive strength of the backfill were analyzed, and the NGO-BP neural network model was used to predict the strength of the specimen. The results show that the optimum mass concentration is about 74％ when the pump pressure is transported, and the optimum mass concentration is about 70％ when the gravity flow is transported. When the cement-sand ratio is 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:20, the 7 d strength of the backfill at each mass concentration reaches 0.8 MPa, and the 28 d strength reaches 1.5 MPa, which meets the strength requirements. When the cement-sand ratio remains unchanged, the strength of the specimen will increase with the increase of mass concentration and the extension of curing age. When other variables remain unchanged, the effect of cement-sand ratio on the strength of the specimen is particularly obvious. The higher the cement-sand ratio, the higher the strength of the specimen. The average absolute error (MAE), average relative percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) predicted by NGO-BP neural network decreases by 0.47, 0.70, 0.96, 0.66, respectively, and the coefficient of determination (R²) increases by 0.26 compared with BP neural network at 7 d of curing. NGO-BP neural network model can be used to guide the filling ratio of production practice, and provide a new idea for the optimization of filling ratio.

To address the problems of low filling body strength and large surface subsidence in the current filling mining process of a coal mine in Jining, filling materials were prepared with fly ash as the main material and lime, β-gypsum, cement, sodium hydroxide, and compound additives (slag A, AEA-type expansive agent B, cement clinker C) as auxiliary materials. The influence of additive ratio on slurry flow performance, uniaxial compressive strength of filling body, hydration products, and microstructure was explored. The study shows that the flow performance of slurry has no linear relationship with changes in the content of each component in the additive. Under different additive ratios, the initial fluidity of the filling slurry is ≥22.2 cm and the dynamic viscosity is ≤218 mPa•s, which meets the self-flow requirement. When the content of other components is constant, with the increase in the content of components A, B, and C, the filling body strength at different curing ages all shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under different additive ratios, the hydration products of the filling body cured for 28 days are basically consistent, but there are differences in the intensity of diffraction peaks. The increase in the content of components A, B, and C can effectively improve the compactness and pore development of the filling body. However, when their content is excessive, the microstructure deteriorates. When the content of components A, B, and C is 14％, 6％, and 8％ respectively, the mechanical properties of the filling body are optimal. Its early-age (8 h) strength and long-term (28 d) strength reach 0.75 MPa and 4.33 MPa respectively, with the highest compactness and excellent flow performance.

To address the environmental issues caused by deep mine geothermal hazards and the accumulation of construction waste, waste foam concrete was used as a novel porous support material combined with solid paraffin to prepare phase change thermal storage materials. These materials were used to replace part of the coal gangue at different ratios (referred to as the phase change thermal storage material replacement ratio) as aggregates, and were mixed with cement and fly ash to prepare phase change thermal storage filling body. The microstructural properties of the phase change materials and the filling body were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical and thermal properties of the filling body with different phase change materials were examined. The results indicate that the prepared phase change thermal storage filling body exhibits an uniform and dense microstructure with excellent shape stability, maintaining a stable shape even at elevated temperatures. After comprehensively evaluating the mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, and material economy of the filling body, it is found that at a replacement ratio of 10％, although fluctuations can be observed in compressive strength, thermal storage coefficient, and thermal conductivity, the specific heat capacity has reached saturation. Therefore, controlling the replacement ratio at approximately 10％ is considered the optimal choice. In conclusion, the experimentally developed phase change thermal storage filling body not only meets the compressive strength requirements but also demonstrates excellent thermal conductivity and thermal storage capacity, offering a feasible material solution for geothermal regulation in deep mines and the resource utilization of solid waste.

In order to solve the filling demand of upward drift filling mining method in the broken rock area of a gold mine in Luoyang, fly ash-based foam concrete was used to fill the goaf. The slump test and uniaxial compression test were carried out to explore the influence of fly ash content on the compressive strength of filling body, and the cementitious mechanism of fly ash based foam concrete was analyzed. The results show that the foam concrete can control its flow state through the foaming rate (wet bulk density), and the slump values of the slurry with different cement contents are controlled between 24 cm and 27 cm. At this time, the slurry has a good flow performance and no bleeding phenomenon. Whether fly ash is added or not, the strength of foam concrete specimen can meet the strength requirements of upward drift filling mining method, but the costs of foam concrete materials can be reduced by 46.7％ by adding fly ash, and fly ash-based foam concrete has a good application prospect. The fly ash optimizes the pore structure by generating C-S-H gel and ettringite to improve the later strength of the filling body. In the industrial test of foam concrete, the total volume of goaf is 525 m³, the costs of filling materials are about 55,000 yuan, and the comprehensive filling cost is 42 yuan/t. The filling slurry has good leveling and no bleeding, and the strength of filling body is consistent with the indoor test values. The industrial test of filling has achieved the expected effect and solved the urgent problem of mine filling production.

The third category mineral resources in Yunnan Province are relatively few, with uneven distribution of existing resources and differences in infrastructure construction time and space, resulting in tight supply of sand and gravel aggregates during peak construction periods in some areas. At the same time, affected by the ecological protection red line in Yunnan Province, it is difficult to establish new mining rights for sand and gravel in some areas. Counties (cities, districts) with scarce resources need to import resources from neighboring areas, greatly increasing the cost of using sand and gravel aggregates. In order to efficiently utilize resources and alleviate the pressure of uneven supply of sand and gravel aggregates in local areas, based on relevant laws, regulations, and policy documents, and referring to the experiences of other provinces in classifying third category minerals, field research and evaluation were conducted from three aspects, including resource endowment, market economy, and existing usage. Finally, five mineral types including granite, basalt, dolomite, tuff, and sandstone (other) have been added as the third category minerals. The added mineral types can be used as a supplement to mineral resources in resource deficient areas, while reducing mining management risks and minimizing illegal mining activities, which is conducive to the development and utilization of sand and gravel mineral resources.

The stability of mine shaft is very important to the safety of mining process. Taking the 1^# shaft adjacent to the caving method stope and the filling method stope of a mine as the research object, a three-dimensional numerical model including the pillar caving method, the non-pillar caving method and the drift filling mining method was constructed, and the influence of mining disturbance of different mining methods on the stability of the shaft was analyzed. The results show that the main reason for the shaft failure is the superposition effect of the poor geological conditions of the rock mass in the ore-penetrating section and the mining disturbance. The disturbance caused by the mining of the drift filling mining method has the greatest influence on the maximum deformation value of the shaft, followed by the disturbance caused by the mining of the pillar caving method, and the disturbance caused by the mining of the non-pillar caving method has the least influence. Especially when the caving stope is mined at the same time, the superposition of the mining disturbance effect has a more significant effect on the deformation of the shaft. On the basis of comprehensive consideration of the existing engineering conditions of the mine, aiming at the risk of shaft failure that may be faced in the mining process of the ore body near the shaft in the section from the elevation of +710 m to +830 m, the curtain grouting reinforcement scheme was designed for the 1^# shaft. The reinforcement scheme can ensure the safety of 1^# shaft in the subsequent mining process.

Due to the influence of ore-rock endowment and blasting construction quality, variable cross-section pillars are commonly present in room-and-pillar underground mining mines. To study the bearing capacity effect of variable cross-section pillars, taking the variable cross-section pillar of a limestone mine as the research object, a mechanical model of the variable cross-section pillar was established, the expressions for its stress and safety factor were derived, the relationships between stress, safety factor and factors such as the diameter d of the variable cross-section pillar and the radius R of the variable cross-section area were studied respectively, and the stress distribution characteristic was analyzed. The results show that the stress of variable cross-section pillars changes gradually in the variable cross-section area, and the stress amplitude decreases with the increase of R or d. The safety factor increases with the increase of R, and the rate of change increases gradually. It also increases synchronously with the increase of d. Compared with constant cross-section pillars, variable cross-section pillars have a more uniform stress distribution, a better stress transfer effect at the junction with the roof, a higher safety factor, and better stability. Numerical simulation and engineering examples have verified the reliability of the theoretical calculation results.

Reasonably and effectively determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks is of great significance for ensuring the safety of mining rock engineering. Based on two groups of rock uniaxial compressive strength datasets including longitudinal wave velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound value, point load strength, Schmidt hardness, and other indirect indicators, four combination algorithms including PSO-BP, PSO-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and PSO-BILSTM, were selected. And the optimal rock uniaxial compressive strength prediction algorithm was comprehensively evaluated through 7 evaluation indicators. The results show that the PSO-LSTM algorithm fits well with the predicted values and actual values on two datasets, and all evaluation indicators are high. Based on the metric scoring method to quantitatively analyze the predictive performance of various algorithms, PSO-LSTM can achieve a total high score of 27 and 21 on Dataset 1 and Dataset 2, respectively, demonstrating the highest prediction accuracy. The analysis of input parameter correlation shows that the point load strength has the greatest impact on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength in Dataset 1, with a correlation degree of 0.735 5. The tensile strength has the greatest impact on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength in Dataset 2, with a correlation coefficient of 0.829 2. Meanwhile, the predictive performance of each algorithm in Dataset 2 is better, indicating that using input parameters with high correlation with uniaxial compressive strength can effectively improve the predictive performance. The research results can provide a reference for determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks.

In order to improve the prediction efficiency and accuracy of uniaxial compressive strength of rocks, a combined model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network was proposed and optimized using Newton-Raphson-based optimizer (NRBO). Extensive collection of rock physical parameter experimental data, including point load strength, Schmidt hammer rebound number, porosity, and longitudinal wave velocity, was conducted. After preprocessing, 381 valid samples were retained and visualized for analysis and outlier handling. CNN was used for feature extraction, LSTM captured temporal dependencies, and NRBO optimized hyperparameters such as learning rate, regularization coefficient, and number of hidden layer nodes. The experimental results show that the NRBO-CNN-LSTM model performs the best on the test set, with a coefficient of determination of 0.98, a root mean square error of 6.27, and an average absolute error of 4.82, significantly better than other comparison models, demonstrating stronger fitting ability and generalization performance. This optimization model can effectively integrate multiple physical characteristics of rocks, achieve high-precision and high stability prediction of uniaxial compressive strength, and provide reliable technical reference for engineering practice.

Aiming at the characteristics of roadway surrounding rocks in Baiyinhar mine, such as hard lithology, severe alteration and extremely poor stability, a secondary support scheme for the roadway based on the distribution of the plastic zones was proposed. For the fractured surrounding rocks, based on the results of the point load test and the relevant shaft construction data of the Baiyinhar mine, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass were calculated according to the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. The plastic zone range of the arched roadway was calculated using three equivalent circle radius methods combined with the Fenner formula and the Drucker-Prager (D-P) criterion formula, and the Kastner approximate solution for the plastic zone boundary of the surrounding rock of a circular hole under a non-uniform stress field was obtained. The displacement, stress, and plastic zone distribution after excavation, as well as the effect of the original support, were obtained using numerical simulation. According to the plastic zone distribution of the roadway surrounding rock under the original support, the secondary support for the roof, top corners, and floor of the roadway was conducted. The results show that the equivalent circle radius method of the circumscribed rectangle and the D-P criterion are more suitable for calculating the plastic zone of the roadway in Baiyinhar mine. Combined with numerical simulation, it is found that gold-bearing altered rock is predominantly distributed in the top corners of the roadway. After conducting the secondary support, the deformation of the surrounding rock at the roof and floor was significantly reduced from the original 23 mm to approximately 8 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The stress concentration in the roof was also reduced, and the range of the plastic zone was significantly decreased, which helps to prevent shear failure of the roadway surrounding rock.

A double shear test device without friction between joint surfaces was used to conduct shear tests on anchor cables and the new type of anchor cable with C-shaped tube(ACC), and the effect of preload on the shear properties of the two structures was analyzed. The test results show that the negative effect of preload on the anchor cable is greater than that of the ACC. As the preload is increased from 100 kN to 300 kN, the shear load capacity of the anchor cable is reduced by a maximum of 14.82％, while the ACC is reduced by only 6.53％. Meanwhile, finite element simulation was utilized to further study the shear deformation properties of the ACC. The results show that the higher the preload, the lower the peak shear load and breaking displacement of the ACC, the higher the flexural stiffness of the structure, the earlier the strength of the specimen is mobilized and the faster the specimen fails locally. Under low preload conditions, the breaking displacement of the ACC is greater, which is due to the fact that for the same shear displacement, a lower preload will result in less tensile deformation at the shear plane location of the structure, and will also result in a larger bending angle of the structure at the shear plane location.

Considering the fuzziness and uncertainty of the evaluation of rockburst emergency management capability in deep mine roadway, a comprehensive decision analysis model based on combination weighting and two-tuple linguistic was established. Firstly, based on the PPRR theory, 18 important influencing factors were selected to construct a multi-level evaluation system for rockburst emergency management capability. Then, the comprehensive weight of the index was determined by the combination of interval analytic hierarchy process and two-tuple linguistic entropy weight method. Based on the principle of two-tuple linguistic, the language information of decision makers was reasonably processed, and the emergency management capability level was comprehensively determined by calculating the comprehensive evaluation value. Finally, using the established comprehensive decision-making model, taking a copper-iron mine as an example, the comprehensive analysis of the level of rockburst emergency management capability was carried out. The results show that the comprehensive weighted average evaluation value of the mine's rockburst emergency management capability is 0.169 4, which belongs to the “general” level. Especially for the two first-level indicators of emergency prevention and emergency preparedness, the weighted average evaluation values are 0.049 3 and 0.131 8, respectively. It is necessary to further improve them by improving the organizational system, strengthening the investigation of hidden danger points, regularly checking the status of supporting facilities, and increasing the input of production measures. The research results provide a new idea for the evaluation of rockburst emergency management capability.

The stability of tailings dam is directly related to the safety of the surrounding environment and personnel. Rainfall is an important factor affecting the stability of tailings dams. Under different rainfall conditions, the hydrological, mechanical and deformation characteristics of tailings dams will change significantly. The mechanical parameters and permeability coefficient of each soil layer of the tailings dam were determined by laboratory tests. Combined with the simulation analysis of pore water pressure distribution and seepage characteristics under rainfall conditions, the stability of tailings dams under different rainfall intensities and rainfall durations was studied. The results show that the greater the rainfall intensity and the longer the duration, the wider the depth and range of water infiltration, and the more obvious the change in the stress distribution inside the dam body, thus affecting the overall stability of the dam body. Rainfall will not only increase the humidity of the surface layer of the tailings dam, but also increase the pore water pressure of the soil. It will also weaken the shear forces between the layered structures of the dam body, increase the risk of dam instability, and thus reveal the instability mechanism of the tailings dam under rainfall. The research results provide a reference for the design and risk assessment of tailings dams.

The influence mechanism of fine grain content on static liquefaction characteristics of soil is complex and deeply affected by soil properties. In view of the large number of iron tailings reservoirs in the Panzhihua area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an in-depth understanding of their static liquefaction characteristics is essential to ensure the safety of tailings reservoirs. Therefore, in order to explore the influence of different fine grain contents on the static liquefaction characteristics of iron tailings in Panzhihua area, the iron tailings with fine grain contents of 0, 20％, 40％, 60％ and 100％ were studied by consolidated undrained triaxial test. The influence of fine grain content on the stress-strain behavior, static liquefaction potential and critical state line of iron tailings were analyzed. The test results show that the fine grain content has a significant effect on the static liquefaction characteristics of iron tailings. The anti-liquefaction ability of iron tailings increases first, then decreases, and then increases with the increase of fine grain content. There are two thresholds in this process, and the threshold decreases with the increase of confining pressure. According to the critical state line, Panzhihua iron tailings are most easily liquefied when the fine grain content is 60％. This study can provide a reference for further understanding the static liquefaction characteristics of iron tailings reservoirs in Panzhihua area.

The project of mine environmental treatment is an important link to promote green development, and it is very important to study how to game and coordinate the relevant stakeholders to promote the green development of mines. First of all, based on the perspective of stakeholders of mine environmental treatment, with the help of evolutionary game tools of limited rationality, a tripartite evolutionary game model of mine environmental treatment was constructed among local governments, mining enterprises and local residents. Secondly, the actual operation data of a mine company in Xiangxi, Hunan Province were introduced, and the long-term dynamic game process of stakeholders was modeled and analyzed in combination with system dynamics, so as to study the influencing factors of the behavior strategy of the main body of mining environmental treatment. The research results show that the five influencing factors of the intensity of government subsidies to enterprises, the intensity of government punishment on enterprises, enterprise public relations costs, additional cost-benefit differences for enterprises, and residents' supervision will all have an impact on the strategic choices of stakeholders. From the perspective of stakeholders, targeted measures and suggestions for mine environmental treatment are formulated according to five influencing factors, in order to provide reference for decision makers' mine environmental treatment strategies. According to the research results, it is expected to put forward the optimal operation mode and sustainable development path of mine environmental treatment, and promote the sustainable development of mine in economy, society and environment.

The reasonable selection of mining and transportation equipment for potassium salt mines is related to the realization of production capacity and the control of mining costs. In order to comprehensively and scientifically optimize mining and transportation equipment scheme for potassium salt mines, the interval analytic hierarchy process was used to construct the optimization index system, and the weights of the optimization indicators were analyzed and calculated. A multi-objective optimization model for mining and transportation equipment schemes in potassium salt mine was constructed using fuzzy matter-element analysis method. The comprehensive relative subordination degree of each alternative scheme of mining and transportation equipment in potassium salt mine was analyzed and calculated. The results show that factors such as purchase investment, mining and transportation capacity, and mining cost have a significant impact on the optimization of mining and transportation equipment schemes for potassium salt mines, while factors such as pollutant emissions, handling performance, and reliability have a relatively small impact on the optimization of mining equipment schemes for potassium salt mines. The scheme of continuous mining machine+diesel shuttle truck (Scheme 2) has the highest comprehensive relative subordination degree among the four schemes, and is determined to be the optimal scheme. The mining and transportation costs, safety, and environmental friendliness of Scheme 2 are superior to the previous usage scheme of the mine, and the mining and transportation costs and pollutant emissions have been reduced by 1.4 yuan/t and 6 percentage points respectively, with a 10 percentage points improvement in safety performance. The research results have demonstrated that the interval analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy matter-element analysis method can provide a more scientific and reasonable selection of mining and transportation equipment schemes for potassium salt mines, thereby providing reference and guidance for potassium salt enterprises to improve their economic and comprehensive benefits.

In the multi-branch hole drilling operation, the directional drill pipe joint frequently fails due to repeated bending. The finite element analysis method was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the directional drill pipe joint under bending load, and the stress distribution law of the directional drill pipe joint was obtained. Based on this, a new type of anti-bending drill pipe joint structure was proposed, and the difference between the bending and bending load resistance performance of the new type of anti-bending drill pipe joint and the ordinary drill pipe joint was compared by the finite element model. The results show that under the same bending angle, the maximum stress value of the anti-bending drill pipe joint is reduced by 27％-60％. Under the action of 100 kN transverse force, the maximum stress value of the anti-bending drill pipe joint is reduced by more than 99 MPa. It can be seen that the new anti-bending drill pipe joint is superior to the ordinary drill pipe joint in terms of bending performance and bending load. Through the drill pipe bending test, the detailed stress distribution data of the joint position are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the error between the experimental data and the numerical simulation results is controlled within 12.52％, which verifies the effectiveness of the numerical simulation method. The research results provide an optimization scheme for the design of directional drill pipe joints, which is of great significance to reduce the possibility of joint failure in directional drilling operations and improve the safety and efficiency of operations.

The hoisting sheave device is a key component used in the mine hoisting system to change the direction, support, and transmit power of the steel wire rope. Its performance directly affects the operational safety and work efficiency of the hoisting system. In response to the strong impact and high stress issues brought about by the development of mine hoisting systems towards deeper, faster, and heavier loads, taken the 1 547.5 m deep mine hoisting system of Shaling Gold Mine as research object, the optimization of the hoisting sheave structure of hoisting system was carried out to reduce stress concentration and ensure the safe and stable operation of the hoisting system. Firstly, based on the theoretical principle of minimizing the start-up impact, the key kinematic parameters of the hoisting sheave were calculated using a trapezoidal acceleration control curve. Then, ABAQUS software was used to perform transient dynamic analysis on the hoisting sheave. Finally, the design of the hoisting sheave structure was optimized to alleviate its stress concentration phenomenon. The results indicate that the trapezoidal acceleration control curve can effectively control the impact load during the start-up and braking phases of the hoisting system. There is a significant stress concentration phenomenon at the connection between the spokes, rim, and hub of the hoisting sheave, with a maximum stress of 3.576 MPa. Adding transitional round corners at the connection between the spokes, rim, and hub of the hoisting sheave structure can significantly improve stress distribution. When the transitional round corner radius is 40 mm, the stress value on the hoisting sheave is reduced by 22.13％ compared to the original structure. Therefore, a suitable transitional round corner design can effectively optimize the stress distribution of the hoisting sheave structure and improve the operational stability and reliability of the mine hoisting system.

To address the issues of low automation, high labor intensity, inefficiency, and significant safety risks in traditional shaft drilling operations, which rely on manual assistance for drill pipe handling and conveying, an automated solution was proposed to meet the requirements of single-shift unmanned shaft drilling. This solution encompasses “drill pipe conveying, drill pipe grabbing, drill pipe transportation, and drill pipe unloading”. Firstly, by analyzing the automatic conveying process of the drill pipe in the shaft drilling, the functional requirements and motion characteristics of the automatic conveying of the drill pipe were clarified. Secondly, an automatic drill pipe conveying device and a hydraulic manipulator were developed, and their strength was verified using finite element analysis software. Finally, the hydraulic control system for automatic conveying and its control logic were studied, and the feasibility of the technology was verified through on-site application. Production practice have shown that the automatic conveying technology of drill pipe for shaft drilling has good positioning accuracy, motion performance and stability, and can realize accurate and quick conveying, grabbing, transporting, and storing drill pipes. This technology can reduce the number of workers, decrease the safety risks, and improve comprehensive operational efficiency, meeting the practical engineering needs of efficient construction of single-shift shaft unmanned drilling.

To enhance the data parsing capability of mining machinery equipment based on the OPC UA network communication protocol, an OPC UA information parsing method based on multi-hop intelligent retrieval for mining machinery equipment was proposed. Firstly, a multi-hop intelligent retrieval model tailored for mining machinery equipment was designed in this method, which integrated GCN and RoBERTa networks to achieve multi-hop reasoning of equipment entities, thereby inferring unknown entity relationships and attributes. On this basis, an OPC UA-based system information model architecture was constructed, divided into four sub-models, including basic functional components, production equipment information models, operational progress information models, and safety monitoring information models. The sensor components of the machinery equipment were also instantiated and parsed. Finally, experimental analysis of the multi-hop intelligent retrieval model was conducted, and the OPC UA-based intelligent system information model was tested and validated. The results show that, compared to the relatively optimal MIMKGISI multi-hop intelligent retrieval method, the Hit@1 performance metric is improved by 1.7 percentage points in short-term contexts, the Hit@5 performance metric is improved by 1.2 percentage points, and the Hit@10 performance metric remains largely unchanged in long-term contexts.

To enhance the efficiency of mine ore blending and resource utilization, based on the beluga whale optimization algorithm (BWO), an improved beluga whale optimization algorithm (IBWO) combining chaotic mapping and Levy flight strategy was proposed, and compared with POS algorithm, WOA algorithm, SSA algorithm and BWO algorithm. The results show that compared with the other four algorithms, the IBWO algorithm has obvious advantages in convergence speed and global optimal solution search ability, and the convergence speed is increased by 31.2％－165.9％. The numerical simulation results of ore blending optimization show that the average profit of IBWO algorithm is 25.06 million yuan at 31 iterations, and the profit is increased by 14.69％－17.93％. The research results provide a new solution path for the optimization of mine ore blending, and are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of resources and the improvement of economic benefits in mining production.

Aiming at the problem that the existing machine vision methods cannot effectively detect foreign objects due to the special shape and unobvious characteristics of foreign objects on coal mine conveyor belts, an improved YOLOv11 model was proposed. Firstly, the C3k2-LDC feature extraction module was constructed using linear deformable convolution, so that the model has the ability to extract features of irregular shaped foreign objects. Then, the edge enhancement module was introduced, and the multi-scale feature fusion strategy was adopted to effectively strengthen the edge information of the weak feature foreign object. Finally, a loss function optimization scheme based on WIoU was proposed to reduce the impact of low-quality data samples on training. The effectiveness and robustness of the improved YOLOv11 model were verified by ablation test, comparative test, thermal map and visual analysis. The results show that the mAP50 of the improved YOLOv11 model is 90.2%, which is 4.0, 9.1, 7.4 and 5.7 percentage points higher than that of RT-DETR, EfficientDet-D2, YOLOv8n and YOLOv11s models, respectively. In terms of lightweight, the floating-point calculation amount and parameter amount of the improved YOLOv11 model are 6.8×10⁹ and 2.6×10⁶ respectively, and the detection speed is 127 frames/s, which can realize the real-time foreign object detection task on the basis of ensuring the detection accuracy. Compared with the original model, the improved model pays more attention to the characteristics of complex foreign objects and has good robustness. The research results can provide technical support for mine safety management.

Based on the problems at the Huangshaping Polymetallic Concentrator, where excessive use of sodium sulfide in the bulk flotation process led to difficulties in bismuth-sulfur separation and the accumulation of a large amount of low-grade bismuth middlings, process optimization research for molybdenum-bismuth-sulfur separation was carried out following a process mineralogy study of the raw ore. The results show that the raw ore contains 0.061％ of Mo and 0.048％ of Bi. Using reagents B11 and CK-S and adopting the process flowsheet of grinding-iron removal-molybdenum-bismuth iso-flotation-separation of Mo-Bi bulk concentrate-sulfur flotation from iso-flotation tailings, a molybdenum concentrate with a grade of 38.57％ Mo and a recovery rate of 45.10％ has been obtained, as well as a bismuth concentrate with a grade of 37.21％ Bi and a recovery rate of 68.38％. The tailings from Mo-Bi flotation can be further processed through one roughing, three cleaning, and two scavenging stages to produce a sulfur concentrate with S grade of 23.17％ and a recovery rate of 32.66％. Compared with the original process, the new process significantly increases the bismuth grade from 4.86％ to 37.21％, and adds a saleable sulfur concentrate product. Efficient recovery of bismuth and sulfur has been achieved, effectively solving the problems of low recovery rate and serious resource waste in the original process.

The optimization of the crushing effect of high-pressure roller grinding is of crucial importance in relation to the enhancement of ore processing efficiency, the reduction of energy consumption, and the elevation of product quality. In order to investigate the influence of ore moisture content on the crushing effect of high-pressure rollers, with the magnetite ore from eastern Hebei selected as the research specimen, the interaction between high-pressure rollers and particles under different feed moisture content conditions was simulated by the combination with SolidWorks modeling and EDEM simulation. The simulation results indicate that, as the particle surface energy increases from 0 to 25 J/m², the crushing effect in the high-pressure roller initially strengthens and then weakens, when the particle surface energy reaches 20 J/m², the crushing effect is the best. Open-circuit test results under different feed moisture conditions show that as the feed moisture content rises from 0.11％ to 6％, the crushing performance of the high-pressure roller first improves and then deteriorates, aligning with the simulation trends. When the feed moisture content is within the 1.5％ to 4.5％ range, the product particle size after crushing is finer, and the crushing effect is more favorable.