The project of mine environmental treatment is an important link to promote green development, and it is very important to study how to game and coordinate the relevant stakeholders to promote the green development of mines. First of all, based on the perspective of stakeholders of mine environmental treatment, with the help of evolutionary game tools of limited rationality, a tripartite evolutionary game model of mine environmental treatment was constructed among local governments, mining enterprises and local residents. Secondly, the actual operation data of a mine company in Xiangxi, Hunan Province were introduced, and the long-term dynamic game process of stakeholders was modeled and analyzed in combination with system dynamics, so as to study the influencing factors of the behavior strategy of the main body of mining environmental treatment. The research results show that the five influencing factors of the intensity of government subsidies to enterprises, the intensity of government punishment on enterprises, enterprise public relations costs, additional cost-benefit differences for enterprises, and residents' supervision will all have an impact on the strategic choices of stakeholders. From the perspective of stakeholders, targeted measures and suggestions for mine environmental treatment are formulated according to five influencing factors, in order to provide reference for decision makers' mine environmental treatment strategies. According to the research results, it is expected to put forward the optimal operation mode and sustainable development path of mine environmental treatment, and promote the sustainable development of mine in economy, society and environment.