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To address the issue of volumetric locking encountered in the slope stability analysis with three-node triangular elements in upper bound finite element method (UBFEM), a six-directional triangular mesh (P6) with weak velocity discontinuity line characteristics was proposed based on the mechanical equivalence effect between velocity discontinuity lines and conjugate triangular elements located in the same position. The P6 is utilized in conjunction with a six-node triangular (T6) element in UBFEM for slope stability analysis. The results show that the potential slip surface of the slope obtained using the P6 combined with T6 elements is clearly defined, with a smooth transition in dissipated energy density. As the mesh density increases, the effect of weak velocity discontinuity lines strengthens, leading to an improved accuracy in the upper bound solution of the slope stability coefficient (Ns). With the combined influences of factors such as the internal friction angle and slope gradient into consideration, the upper bound solutions of Ns obtained with P6 outperform those from three-directional triangular meshes and Delaunay triangular meshes. The uniform mesh generated by the P6 UBFEM in a single computational framework yields favorable results, facilitating batch processing operations such as strength reduction upper bound analysis. Additionally, its application scope can be extended by integrating it with adaptive mesh refinement techniques.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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