Previous studies on visual effects primarily focus on evaluating the overall urban environment, lacking specific research on historical districts within cities. In order to evaluate the visual effects of plantscapes in historic districts, street view images and machine learning methods were used. The ResNeSt model was selected to assess the coordination and health of plantscapes. The results show that the ResNeSt model performs best in classification and regression tasks. Its scores are consistent with expert evaluations and moderately to highly correlated with public evaluations. Additionally, the visual effects of plantscapes are significantly influenced by economic factors, with the visual effect scores of streets outside the historic districts generally higher than those inside. It is concluded that machine learning models are highly effective in evaluating the visual effects of plantscapes in historic districts. This provides a scientific basis for their protection and optimization, with important implications for urban planning and tourism.

Neurosurgical procedures like cerebral vascular bypass, brain tissue dissection, and neurorrhaphy often lack microsurgical instruments with delicate force perception. To enhance manual precision and tactile force perception during surgery, a novel multi DOFs rope-driven micromanipulation wrist gripper designed was introduced for surgical robots. This wrist gripper was powered by a screw drive controlling six ropes, facilitating dexterous movements at the distal end of miniature instruments. The high gear reduction ratio of the screw drive enhances driving precision, thereby achieving high operational accuracy and stability of the distal wrist gripper. Moreover, a force sensor was integrated between the ropes’ rear end and the screw drive to monitor the tension in the ropes in real time. Based on the tension in the ropes, a computational model for estimating the contact force at the distal end of the wrist gripper was proposed, enabling the perception of external contact forces. Experimental results show that under open-loop control, the average motion tracking error of the wrist gripper is less than 1°, and the maximum mean value of force estimation error is 53.85 mN.

Zizhou gas field is a multi-layer superposed tight sandstone gas field. The reservoir covers strata from Benxi Formation of Carboniferous system to He8 Formation of lower Shihezi Formation of Permian system. At present, the pore structure of the reservoir and its influence on the reserve utilization are not well understood. It seriously restricts the gas field interlayer digging process. The pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs in Benxi Formation-He8 Member was comprehensively investigated through the utilization of cast thin sections, reservoir physical property, production data, as well as statistical and correlation analysis methods. The suggestions for further interlayer potential exploitation were also given. Draw four conclusions. The reservoir has a typical 1+1 type pore structure. Among them, the lower formations (Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation, Shan2 member) have developed primary intergranular pores, with large primary pore proportion, face rate and pore size, and good pore structure, which is the dominant pore structure of primary pores. In the upper formations (Shan1 member and He8 member), the intragranular dissolve pore- intercrystalline pore- microfissure are developed, the primary pore ratio, face ratio and pore size are smaller, and the pore structure is poor, which is the dominant pore structure of the secondary pores. The difference of rock composition, especially the content of quartz and cuttings, is the main reason for the formation of 1+1 pore structure. Among them, the lower formations are dominated by quartz sandstone with high quartz content and low cuttings content, which is conducive to the preservation of primary pores. The upper formations are dominated by lithic sandstone with high lithic content and low quartz content, which are not conducive to the preservation of primary pores but to the formation of secondary pores. The pore structure of 1+1 type has a significant effect on the exploitation of reserves. Among them, the lower formations have good pore structure, relatively high permeability (0.52 mD), large discharge area (0.70 km²), and high reserve utilization degree (67.9%). The upper formations have poor pore structure, relatively low permeability (0.33mD), small discharge area (0.34 km²), and low reserve utilization degree (26.9%). The analysis shows that the reserves of the upper formations have not been effectively utilized under the current well pattern conditions. In order to reduce the waste of reserves in the upper formation, realize the balanced exploitation of gas fields and improve the overall reserve utilization degree of Zizhou gas field, it is recommended to exploit the upper formations separately with a small well spacing.

Wall-mounted furnace heating is one of the main ways of winter heating in northern rural areas. Due to the pressure fluctuation of the gas pipeline, the wall-mounted furnace is prone to combustion instability, and even CO poisoning accidents. In order to reveal the variation law of temperature field and combustion products in gas-fired wall-mounted furnace under the change of pipeline pressure, taking the fire row burner as the research object, the distribution of gas composition at the outlet of the ejector device, the temperature in the combustion chamber, and the concentration of CO and NO in the flue gas at the outlet of the combustion chamber under different pipeline pressures were studied by numerical simulation and experiment. The results show that. ① With the decrease of the gas inlet pressure, the methane concentration at the outlet of the fire increases, and the non-uniformity of methane concentration increases. ② As the gas inlet pressure decreases, the CO mass concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber gradually increases. When the gas inlet pressure is 500 Pa, the CO mass concentration reaches a peak of 25.2 mg/m³, which is higher than the human body CO poisoning accident limit of 23 mg/m³. The mass concentration of NO at the outlet of the combustion chamber increases first and then decreases, reaching a peak of 18.99 mg/m³ at 1 500 Pa. ③ As the gas inlet pressure decreases, the maximum temperature in the combustion chamber increases first and then decreases. The minimum temperature is 1 840 K at 500 Pa. The combustion is not sufficient and the heat generated by combustion is less. It can be seen that the decrease of the pipeline pressure increases the instability of the wall-mounted furnace combustion and the CO concentration also increases significantly. The results can provide some theoretical support for the manufacturers of gas wall-mounted furnaces in enhancing the safety of equipment.

At present, the research on bamboo mainly focuses on large-diameter bamboos such as moso bamboo, and the research and application of square bamboo and small-diameter bamboos are rare. Based on the test method of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo, the mechanical tests were carried out on 111 Zhaotong square bamboo flake samples born in 3~5 years, and the tensile and compressive strength, elastic modulus and other parameters were determined. Based on the experimental data, the intensity probability distribution was determined and its distribution characteristics were verified. Combined with the research results of timber structure and the reliability limit state design method, the strength standard value and design value of square bamboo were obtained, and its feasibility was verified by comparison with moso bamboo, larch and other materials. The reliability index was corrected for the design value of the compressive strength of the grain that did not meet the requirements of the code. The result enriches the database of mechanical properties of small-diameter bamboo, and also opens up a new direction for the further research and application of bamboo.

To address the fuzziness and randomness in safety evaluations of liquefied natural gas (LNG) chemical plants, a novel risk assessment method was proposed based on the normal cloud model. The proposed method was based on the selection of evaluation indicators from the perspective of intrinsic safety, which was used to evaluate the severity and likelihood of accidents through expert judgment. The weights of the indicators were determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CRITIC). The risk matrix thresholds were softened using a forward cloud generator, and the evaluation results were optimized through a backward cloud generator to obtain cloud characteristic numbers and generate corresponding two-dimensional cloud maps. By comparing the actual cloud map with the standard cloud map, the risk levels of the evaluation indicators were determined. The results show that the model effectively integrates the expert opinions with aims of retaining the randomness and fuzziness, and providing the visualizes the risk assessment results. The novel method also provides a new risk assessment tool for the safety management of LNG chemical plants.

The digital twin technology of the distribution network is an important product resulting from the integration and development of the power system and information technology. The technology simulates the physical behavior and operational status of the distribution network in a digital space by constructing a virtual model of the physical distribution network, enabling comprehensive simulation and analysis. Due to the diverse systems and complex states involved, the existing digital twin simulation platform technology for distribution networks still requires improvement. A wavelet-LSTM fusion model for power state and weather factors was constructed based on the existing wavelet transform and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. The high-dimensional input data were converted into detail and contour coefficients using discrete wavelet transform. Subsequently, LSTM neural networks were constructed to process the data and fuse the results, thereby forming accurate prediction outcomes. This method was validated on real datasets, showing that the wavelet-LSTM fusion model significantly improves the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) compared to the existing LSTM network. Additionally, the method was tested on datasets from different industries. Compared to wavelet-Lasso, LSTM, and STL-LSTM, it exhibits better performance in terms of MAPE, demonstrating that the wavelet LSTM prediction method can be applied to state data from various sectors, thereby providing robust support for future state prediction of digital twins.

Recent studies indicate that for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) classified as T1N0M0, sublobar resection offers long-term outcomes comparable to lobectomy. However, these early-stage patients may still experience pleural invasion, which is associated with poor prognosis. It is necessary to compare the long-term efficacy of sublobar resection versus lobectomy in patients with T≤3 cm N0M0 NSCLC accompanied by pleural invasion. Research data were sourced from the SEER(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. Patients diagnosed were from between 2010 and 2020 with T≤3 cm N0M0 NSCLC and pleural invasion. Patients were divided into sublobar resection and lobectomy groups, and their cancer-specific survival(CSS) and overall survival(OS) were compared. Univariate analysis post-matching reveale no significant differences in CSS and OS between the sublobar resection and lobectomy groups. Multivariate analysis also indicate that the surgical approach is not an independent prognostic factor for CSS(HR=1.185, 95% CI: 0.745~1.885, P=0.472) and OS (HR=1.171, 95% CI: 0.869~1.577, P=0.299)in patients with T≤3 cm N0M0 NSCLC and pleural invasion. Subgroup analyses show no significant differences in CSS and OS between the two groups across various subgroups. Competing risk model multivariate analysis also demonstrate no significant difference in lung cancer-specific mortality between sublobar resection and lobectomy. In conclusion, for patients with T≤3 cm N0M0 NSCLC accompanied by pleural invasion, sublobar resection offers long-term survival outcomes comparable to lobectomy and can be considered a viable surgical option for this patient population.

Under the condition of airport autonomous operation, perception of the operational environment is a crucial factor constraining the realization of autonomous airport operations. In the process of airport surface traffic operation, understanding the utilization of surface movement resources is a key step in establishing a comprehensive operational environment. The surface movement process at airports is first focused on in this study, and an ontology model for airport surface movement processes is constructed. Based on the structural layout of the airport surface road network, the movement paths were divided, and a "node-edge" model based on the connection between network nodes was established. Meanwhile, building upon the ontology model, dynamic and static attributes of the surface road network were defined as the basic properties of network nodes. With network nodes as the research object, various conflict scenarios existing in aircraft surface movement processes were modeled based on the dynamic attributes of network nodes, thus achieving a dynamic representation of aircraft movement processes at network nodes. Using speed data generated by aircraft dynamics models as a basis, a visualization representation of dynamic graphs of surface movement resource utilization in the presence of aircraft conflict scenarios was designed.Experimental results demonstrate that the model effectively represents both conflict and conflict-free scenarios in surface operations. This enhances the overall perception of surface movement resource utilization among participants in airport surface traffic.

In the winter water transfer process of the Northwest cold region long-distance water transfer project, channels and hydraulic structures such as gate piers are frequently subjected to damage from flowing ice impacts. To safeguard the stability and security of winter water transfer operations, it is imperative to investigate the mechanical response characteristics of gate piers under the influence of flowing ice impact. ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software was employed to establish a refined finite element model of the gate pier under ice-water coupling conditions using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) fluid-solid interaction method. The accuracy and validity of the numerical model are were verified by comparing the impact forces of flowing ice against relevant standards. The mechanical response characteristics of flowing ice on the gate pier by varying models such as the ice-water coupling model, additional mass model, fluid-free model, and flowing ice characteristics (velocity and compression strength)was explored. The findings indicated that the impact damage from flowing ice on the gate pier primarily occurs at the collision contact area between flowing ice and the gate pier. The presence of the water medium significantly mitigates the damage caused by flowing ice, emphasizing its viscous effects. Comparing different collision condition models, the additional mass model exhibits the highest impact force and X-direction displacement peak values, followed by the fluid-free model, with the fluid-solid coupling model showing the least impact, thereby suggesting the suitability of the additional mass model for simulation calculations and structural design. Furthermore, the result revealed that both the peak and mean impact forces increase with higher flow ice velocities and compression strengths, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in impact force assessments. Practical measures such as installing ice stopping ropes are recommended to mitigate flow ice impact forces and ensure structural safety in real-world applications.