In order to explore the efficient heat transfer characteristics of medium-deep coaxial buried pipe heat exchangers, a heat transfer model was constructed between the medium-deep coaxial buried pipe heat exchanger and surrounding rock and soil based on the fluid flow heat transfer equation. COMSOL software was used for numerical analysis and calculation of heat transfer, and the nominal heat transfer of the model was studied under different burial depths, inner pipe thermal conductivity, circulating water flow rate, and cementing material thermal conductivity conditions. The research results indicate that the thermal conductivity of the inner pipe, the flow rate of circulating water, and the thermal conductivity of the cementing material have a significant impact on the nominal heat extraction. The thermal conductivity of the inner tube decreases from${0.5}\mathrm{\;W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$to${0.002}\mathrm{\;W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$, with a nominal increase in nominal heat extraction of${289.4}\%$. The circulating water flow rate from${20}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}/\mathrm{h}$rises to${45}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}/\mathrm{h}$, with a nominal increase in nominal heat extraction of${124}\%$. The thermal conductivity of cementing materials increases from${0.8}\mathrm{\;W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$to${1.8}\mathrm{\;W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$, with a nominal increase in heat extraction of$2\%$. Finally, relying on a Pilot Demonstration Project of Medium and Deep Geothermal Energy for Building Heating at CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., differential analysis was conducted on experimental and simulation data under continuous operation for${168}\mathrm{\;h}$of the project. The research results have certain guiding significance for the optimization design of medium-deep coaxial buried pipe heat exchangers and the efficient development and utilization of medium-deep geothermal wells.

Based on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, to investigate the anti-tumor effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) on colorectal cancer and its effect on nuclear translocation of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1). BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with the CT26 colorectal cancer cell line and divided into GQD low (L-GQD), medium (M-GQD), and high (H-GQD) dose groups, with the model group serving as the control. The mice were administered the drug daily for 25 days, and the growth of the tumors was recorded. Following the conclusion of the previous administration, the tumor was surgically excised and subjected to subsequent observation. The proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE), immuohistochemistry (IHC), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining techniques, while the Wnt/B-catenin pathway was examined through qRT-PCR and western blot (WB) analysis. Furthermore, alterations in the expression of catenin signals and downstream factors were investigated. In addition, WB was used to detect the effects of GQD on the phosphorylation level of PRC1 and its subcellular localization. Compared with the model group, GQD inhibited the growth and increased the apoptosis level of colorectal tumors in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. IHC results show that GQD down-regulated the expressions of proliferation-related proteins cyclind1 , marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki67), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31)$\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$, and promoted the expressions of approbation-related proteins Caspase 3 and Caspase 9$\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$. GQD is further found to inhibit the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may be related to the reduction of PRC1 phosphorylation level and the alteration of its nuclear retention ratio. This inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by GQD is closely associated with the suppression of colorectal tumor proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis. Moreover, GQD may involve in mediating nuclear translocation of PRC1.

In order to accurately calculate the hydrodynamic parameters of the slope rill at any point during the erosion process, and to avoid errors caused by using the average flow rate to calculate the hydrodynamic parameters in the traditional method. Based on the variability and complexity of the development process of slope rills, as well as the characteristics of water sand two-phase flow, the Euler-Euler two-phase flow model was used to calculate and analyze the morphological evolution characteristics and erosion mechanisms of slope rills at different stages of expansion erosion. The results show that the Euler-Euler two-phase flow model can accurately describe the morphology evolution process of slope rill in expanded erosion. Based on the morphology evolution characteristics of slope rill at different stages of expanded erosion, the expanded erosion of slope rill is divided into the period when the rill sidewall is slightly spreading and eroding (the early stage), the period when the expanded erosion become severe with a significant increase in the number and area of amalgamated arcs (the middle stage), and the period when the expanded erosion basically ceased and the rill morphology stabilized (the late stage). The influential factors of slope gradient, initial flow rate, and preset rill width on the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient, Reynolds number, and real-time flow rate are significant. Optimal characterization parameters for different stages of slope rill development, such as erosion arc length and hydraulic radius, are proposed, aiding in determining the specific period of slope rill development and predicting the development trend of rill morphology through changes in these parameters. The research results provide a theoretical basis for soil erosion control measures and are of great significance for soil and water conservation.

In practical production processes, equipment performance gradually degrades over time, leading to extended processing durations. To address this issue, an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was proposed for a re-entrant hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem that considers deterioration effects. Firstly, a mathematical model was formulated with the optimization objectives of minimizing makespan and reducing processing energy consumption. Secondly, a job-sequence-based encoding method was employed, and an energy-efficient scheduling decoding method that accounts for deterioration effects was designed. Additionally, to enhance population diversity, various mutation operators were introduced, and algorithm parameters were adaptively adjusted to prevent convergence to local optima. A variable neighborhood search strategy was also integrated to reinforce the local search capability of the algorithm. Finally, comparative experiments with other algorithms on ten different scale test instances demonstrated that the proposed algorithm delivers superior solution quality, along with better diversity and convergence properties.

In response to the issues of parameter homogenization and insufficient rationality in the support design of the mining roadway in the Lingtai mining area, it is highly significant to conduct classification research on the mining roadway and propose differentiated support strategies. Firstly, based on a systematic analysis of the geological conditions of the surrounding rock and the matching relationship with the support system in the mining roadway of the Lingtai mining area, six classification indicators were determined. Secondly, a mining roadway classification method based on mixed data clustering was proposed, extracting the informational characteristics of numerical and categorical indicators and introducing a penalty competition mechanism to dynamically optimize the number of clusters during the classification process. Subsequently, the proposed method was applied to classify 37 segments of the Lingtai mining area's mining roadways into four categories, validating the feasibility of the method. Finally, a field test was conducted in the D segment of the 2502 transport roadway in Shaozhai Coal Mine. The results indicate that the maximum convergence of the roof and floor of the test roadway segment is 109 mm, and the maximum convergence of the two sides is 113 mm, with a small range of surrounding rock damage. The dynamic classification and differentiated support method for mining roadways can achieve stable control of the surrounding rock in the roadways.

As a critical unconventional oil and gas resource within the global energy framework, heavy oil has garnered significant attention for its development efficiency. Although steam flooding technology has improved the efficiency of heavy oil production, the phenomenon of steam breakthrough negatively impacts thermal efficiency and reservoir development. Traditional prediction methods have shown inadequate precision and delayed response when dealing with long-term oilfield time series data. Data from 13 steam flooding well groups in the Shengli oilfield heavy oil block were utilized. An innovative approach was adopted, using the instantaneous temperature ratio between production and injection wells as an indicator of steam breakthrough time. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was employed to select key factors related to steam breakthrough time. Based on these factors, a deep learning model built on the Transformer architecture was developed, achieving accurate predictions of the instantaneous temperature ratio. The predictions closely aligned with oilfield observation data, demonstrating higher prediction accuracy and stability compared to traditional long short-term memory (LSTM) models. The research results not only provide a new perspective for the precise prediction of steam breakthrough time in heavy oil reservoirs but also further validate the extensive potential of deep learning technology in oilfield development applications, supporting the construction of intelligent oilfield management and decision support systems.

To clarify the mechanism of water injection damage in low-permeability reservoirs of the Longdong Oilfield, the Chang 3 reservoir was selected as the research subject. A comprehensive analysis method was developed, starting from the intrinsic factors of the reservoir to the external engineering factors, to analyze the mechanism of reservoir water injection damage. X-ray diffraction (XRD), cast thin sections, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the reservoir’s rock physical properties and pore structure. Experimental methods combining visual microfluidics with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) were employed to analyze the damage patterns of externally injected water on low-permeability reservoirs. The results show that the intrinsic factors causing blockage in the Chang 3 reservoir are related to its low porosity and low permeability, with pore throat diameters all less than${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$, leading to poor reservoir properties and high liquid flow resistance in the reservoir. The composition of clay minerals mainly includes kaolinite and illite, which are velocity-sensitive minerals prone to fine particle migration and reservoir blockage. The external engineering factors causing blockage are the incompatibility of injected water with formation water, resulting in the formation of scale particle. These scale particles and clay particles can undergo a blockage-breakthrough process at the pore throat passages, causing fluctuating increases in injection pressure. Moreover, the injected water can carry scale and clay particles into the deep parts of the reservoir, where they accumulate and exacerbate blockage, significantly reducing the sweep efficiency of water flooding. The research results have clarified the pattern of water injection damage in the Chang 3 reservoir, providing theoretical guidance for water flooding development in oil fields.

The blowout preventer (BOP) is a key well control equipment, in which the shear ram BOP is the last line of defense against blowout accidents. Therefore, its shear performance under extreme working conditions is crucial for the safety of drilling operations. A super shear ram BOP was taken as the research object, and the numerical analysis was carried out by using the dynamics module. The simulation results were compared with experimental and theoretical values to verify the accuracy and applicability of the model. In order to investigate the influence of extreme working conditions on the shear capacity of the ram BOP, the shearing performance of the drill pipe joints was evaluated under high pressure working conditions, eccentric working conditions and moving conditions. The response surface method was applied to develop a shear force prediction model under extreme working conditions. Based on the prediction model and the actual shearing capacity provided by the ram BOP, the shearing failure scenarios under extreme working conditions were determined. The results show that the relative errors between the theoretical values and the simulation results are less than 3%. In the shearing process, the larger the axial tension and compression load, the more unfavorable the shearing. While the certain deviation distance is conducive to the shearing. The research results can provide technical guidance for preventing the shearing failure of ram BOP.

In order to reduce the vibration of fracturing branch pipe during fracturing operation, the fluid-structure coupling analysis method was used to carry out the modal analysis and harmonious response analysis of fracturing branch pipe, considering the impact of fracturing pump vibration and high-pressure fracturing fluid on fracturing branch pipe. The influence of angle of bend and number of fracturing branch pipe supports on fracturing branch pipe vibration was studied. The results show that under the current layout, the main vibration positions of the first six modal modes of the manifold appear at double elbows 2, 3, and 4, indicating that the main vibration deformation of the fracturing branch pipe occurs at its lower end, that is, at the double elbows far away from the fracturing truck. Considering the weak points at double elbows 2, 3, and 4, the smaller displacement response amplitudes of each double elbow at each connection angle are obtained based on the maximum displacement response amplitude. Indicating that each connection angle is the best choice for the actual fracturing operation. When four elastic supports are used, the maximum amplitude is much smaller than that of two or three elastic supports, indicating that adding elastic supports at the lower end of the fracturing branch pipe can weaken the vibration amplitude, and the optimal scheme can be obtained under the specific working range. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the vibration characteristics and vibration reduction of fracturing branch pipe.

Fault diagnosis of industrial motor bearings is crucial for equipment performance and lifespan. Traditional diagnostic methods aggregate data from multiple factories, leading to issues with data privacy and high annotation costs. To address these problems, a fault diagnosis strategy based on adaptive local collaboration (ALC) federated learning was proposed. In this approach, bearing data under different working conditions was stored across multiple clients, with a central server collaborating with each client to build a federated learning diagnostic model. An improved ResNet-18 network was used as the classifier, which was trained within the personalized federated learning framework. The ALC federated learning method enables each client to effectively integrate global and local models, extracting global information to optimize local training results. Experiments demonstrate that this method enhances fault diagnosis accuracy while protecting data privacy, showing higher fault classification precision compared to other methods, especially in multi-factory environments.