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Fire flooding is a primary method used to enhance heavy oil recovery, often replacing steam stimulation. However, it encounters challenges such as low sweep efficiency and delayed effective times in heavy oil development. A new fire flooding PGI (pulse gas injection) technology was used to solve these problems. The combustion sweep effect of fire flooding can be improved by adjusting the working system of the gas injector. Based on the geological characteristics of the Hongqian 1 heavy oil reservoir in Xinjiang, the feasibility and mechanism of PGI were elucidated through numerical simulations. The influence of geological and engineering factors was studied on the development effect of PGI, and the consequences are applied to the fire flooding field. The combustion front can be controlled by the peak-valley value stage of PGI, accelerating the uniform movement of the combustion front and improving the oil displacement efficiency. Specifically, PGI can reduce the effective time by approximately 600 days and increase combustion sweep by more than 30%. This technique is particularly suitable for medium heterogeneous reservoirs with a vertical permeability contrast of less than 15 and crude oil viscosities ranging from 2 000 to 10 000 mPa·s. The optimal pulse amplitude ranges between 1.5 and 2, with a recommended step length of 30 days. When applied to the Hongqian 1 fire flooding industrial area in Xinjiang, daily oil production increased by 0.5 to 2.8 t for the well group, and the air-oil ratio decreased by 34%. PGI can achieve a better production increase effect for field production.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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