The previous structural seismic vulnerability analysis is generally based on the characteristics of the structure itself, it is rare to combine with the differences of engineering sites in the study area, the location differences of different engineering sites within the city are ignored. Taking Chengdu City as the research area and the three-story reinforced concrete frame structure as an example, an analysis method for the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame structures based on peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the maximum inter-story displacement angle θ_max of the structure was proposed. For three-story reinforced concrete frame structures, this method conducts dynamic time-history analysis using the interlayer shear model to obtain θ_max under each seismic response. Then, logarithmic linear fitting is performed on θ_max and its corresponding ground motion to obtain the relationship between the two. For the Chengdu area, this method takes the historical ground motion data of Chengdu as the data basis and combines PGA calculation formula to obtain the PGA of each engineering site location in Chengdu. Furthermore, taking the maximum inter-layer displacement angle as the structural damage index and PGA as the ground motion intensity index, the highest structural failure probabilities of the structure under four different performance levels of full operation, basic operation, life safety and near collapse were studied, which were 94.1%, 89.1%, 74.7% and 40.8% respectively. Moreover, the overall changing trend of the structural failure probability at each performance level of the structure decreases from the west to the east. Therefore, the seismic construction requirements for structures in the western region can be appropriately strengthened, and those for structures in the eastern region can be appropriately relaxed, so as to save economic costs. The proposed method has certain application value in reducing the losses caused by earthquakes and provides a certain theoretical basis for the seismic design of building structures.