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The offshore heavy oil thermal recovery platform has the characteristics of small space, high steam injection temperature, and high steam injection pressure, with temperatures up to 300 ℃. Once high-temperature and high-pressure steam leaks, it will cause serious consequences and pose a huge threat to equipment and inspection personnel. An effective steam leakage monitoring method was urgently needed. In order to solve these problems, the influence of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and other factors were considered comprehensively to study the mechanism of steam leakage monitoring in offshore heavy oil thermal recovery. A virtual sensing monitoring method based on mechanism and inference was proposed, and for the first time, the indirect measurement method of steam leakage was applied to steam leakage monitoring in offshore heavy oil thermal recovery. A steam leakage monitoring model was built, and a hybrid sensing technology suitable for steam leakage monitoring in offshore heavy oil thermal recovery was formed for real-time online monitoring of steam leakage. The results show that this method can achieve leak discrimination and leak estimation based on operational data, and directly characterize the failure state of steam leaks online. The minimum detectable leak rate can reach 0.5%, and the accuracy of leak discrimination is above 96.49%. Compared with traditional methods, the minimum detectable leakage rate has increased by 90%, and the leakage discrimination rate has increased by at least 1.6%. This method solves the problems of limited installation of physical sensors on site, difficulty in obtaining effective monitoring data, and limited accuracy due to personnel experience, making up for the shortcomings of on-site monitoring methods for thermal recovery platforms and providing safety guarantees for offshore heavy oil development.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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