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Strong pulsation is one of the most important causes of damage to hydraulic structures such as stilling basins, so it is crucial to clarify the characteristics of pulsation in hydraulic structures to ensure the safe operation of the project. In this study, a fine numerical model of the hydraulic model of a stilling basin was established based on DES (detached eddy simulation) model and VOF (volume of fluid) method, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the numerical simulation results, the distribution of pressure fluctuation, pulsating velocity, vorticity, and turbulent kinetic energy in the stilling basin were analyzed. The results show that the pressure fluctuation in the stilling basin shows a bimodal distribution along the flow direction, and the pulsation accounts for more than 10% in the flow impact area. The spanwise and streamwise velocity pulsation dominate in the stilling basin, and the vertical pulsation is weaker, while the spanwise pulsation at the centerline of the bottom floor in the collision area decreases rapidly. The streamwise and vertical vorticity on the centerline of bottom floor and surface outlet are characterized by “small time-average value and large pulsation value”, and the transverse-axis vortex caused by the drop sill has a large influence on the distribution of the spanwise vortices. The results of turbulent kinetic energy spectrum analysis show that the pulsations in the stilling basin mainly consist of a large number of low-frequency pulsations below 1 Hz, indicating that the turbulent fluctuations in the stilling basin are mainly controlled by large-scale and low-frequency vortices. The analysis helps to deepen the knowledge of the flow characteristics of flood discharge and energy dissipation structures such as stilling basins, and provides a certain reference for design and safety assessment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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