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To clarify the mechanism of water injection damage in low-permeability reservoirs of the Longdong Oilfield, the Chang 3 reservoir was selected as the research subject. A comprehensive analysis method was developed, starting from the intrinsic factors of the reservoir to the external engineering factors, to analyze the mechanism of reservoir water injection damage. X-ray diffraction (XRD), cast thin sections, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the reservoir’s rock physical properties and pore structure. Experimental methods combining visual microfluidics with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) were employed to analyze the damage patterns of externally injected water on low-permeability reservoirs. The results show that the intrinsic factors causing blockage in the Chang 3 reservoir are related to its low porosity and low permeability, with pore throat diameters all less than${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$, leading to poor reservoir properties and high liquid flow resistance in the reservoir. The composition of clay minerals mainly includes kaolinite and illite, which are velocity-sensitive minerals prone to fine particle migration and reservoir blockage. The external engineering factors causing blockage are the incompatibility of injected water with formation water, resulting in the formation of scale particle. These scale particles and clay particles can undergo a blockage-breakthrough process at the pore throat passages, causing fluctuating increases in injection pressure. Moreover, the injected water can carry scale and clay particles into the deep parts of the reservoir, where they accumulate and exacerbate blockage, significantly reducing the sweep efficiency of water flooding. The research results have clarified the pattern of water injection damage in the Chang 3 reservoir, providing theoretical guidance for water flooding development in oil fields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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