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Due to the unique challenges of deep underground mining environments, such as frequent geological disasters like roof fall, rock bursts, and water inrush, there is a high demand for enhanced safety and stability in mines. The use of downward roadway backfilling methods has shown significant effectiveness in controlling ground pressure activities and rock layer movement. In light of this, the Chambishi Copper Mine in Africa was selected as a case study. Initially, a digital structural plane identification system was employed to conduct a detailed analysis of the ore body structural planes. The findings indicate that the development of structural planes in deep ore bodies significantly impacts the safe extraction of minerals. The high density and narrow spacing of these planes increase the fragmentation of the rock mass, elevating the risk of roof fall and instability in mining areas. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed to study the mechanical behavior and deformation characteristics of the deep zones of the Chambeshi Copper Mine. By optimizing the structure and strength of the bearing layers, the stability of the mining area can be effectively controlled. The simulation results demonstrate that well-structured bearing layers are capable of withstanding the pressure from overlying rock strata, ensuring higher stability in the mining areas. These research outcomes provide effective strategies for the safe extraction of minerals in deep mines, particularly in high-risk geological environments. Adaptable mining methods and safety measures were proposed, which were of significant importance for enhancing the safety and efficiency of deep mining operations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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