To compare and analyze the differences in pore structure characteristics of coal from Huainan and Huaibei, this study focuses on No. 13 coal from Liuzhuang Mine in Huainan mining area and No. 7 coal from Qidong Mine in Huaibei mining area. Using mercury intrusion porosimetry and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption methods, the pore structures were analyzed, and fractal theory was applied to study the fractal characteristics of the pore structures. The differences in pore structures between Huainan and Huaibei coals were compared and analyzed. The mercury intrusion results show that the total pore volume and specific surface area of No.13 coal from Liuzhuang are 3.488 mL/g and 0.02 m²/g, respectively, while those of No.7 coal from Qidong was 4.926 mL/g and 0.027 m²/g, respectively, with Qidong coal having a larger pore volume. Both coals show the largest pore volume in macropores and the smallest in mesopores. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption results indicate that the specific surface area ratio of micropores in No.13 coal from Liuzhuang is 76.25%, showing the most developed micropores. The specific surface area ratio of small pores in No.7 coal from Qidong is 79.79%, showing the most developed small pores. Fractal analysis demonstrate that both coals exhibited fractal characteristics. From mercury intrusion data, the fractal dimensions of pores larger than 100 nm for No.13 coal from Liuzhuang and No.7 coal from Qidong are 2.805 6 and 2.756 7, respectively. From low-temperature nitrogen adsorption data, the fractal dimensions of pores smaller than 100 nm for No.13 coal from Liuzhuang and No.7 coal from Qidong are 2.727 5 and 2.037 2, respectively, all within the range of 2 to 3. This indicates that the pore structure of No.13 coal from Liuzhuang is more complex and heterogeneous, especially in the range of small pores and micropores, where the fractal dimension differences are more significant. This may be related to differences in maceral composition and mineral content, where vitrinite is the main component for pore development in coal and shows a positive correlation with pore fractal dimensions. Exinite and inertinite are not primary components for pore development and show a negative correlation with pore fractal dimensions. Uneven mineral distribution may increase the heterogeneity and complexity of the coal pore structure, thus showing a positive correlation between mineral content and fractal dimensions in the two types of Huainan and Huaibei coal samples.