Traumatic brain hemorrhage(TBH) often results in persistent cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions, with traditional rehabilitation models failing to adequately address self-efficacy and environmental interactions. Stage-based nursing interventions grounded in social cognitive theory(SCT) synergize cognitive restructuring, behavioral reinforcement, and environmental support. However, their application in TBH remains understudied. Aiming to examine the impact of SCT-based stage nursing interventions on cognitive function, self-management, self-efficacy, and daily living ability in TBH patients, a total of 105 TBH patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group(n=53) and a control group(n=52) by using a random number method. The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapy, while the intervention group received stage-based nursing interventions based on SCT in addition to conventional therapy. Changes in cognitive function, self-management ability, self-efficacy, and activities of daily living were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Cognitive function was assessed by using the Montreal cognitive assessment-basic(MoCA-Basic), self-management ability was evaluated by using the appraisal of self-care agency scale-revised(ASAS-R-C), self-efficacy was measured by using the general self-efficacy scale(GSES), and activities of daily living were assessed by using the Barthel index. The results reveal that after the SCT-based stage nursing intervention, the intervention group show significantly higher scores on MoCA-Basic, ASAS-R-C, GSES, and the Barthel index compared to the control group(P<0.05), with substantial improvements observed across all indicators. Stage-based nursing interventions grounded in SCT can significantly enhance cognitive function, self-management, self-efficacy, and activities of daily living in TBH patients, demonstrating considerable clinical value.