In view of the deficiency of the research on the prevention and control of bolt anchoring in engineering rock mass, the method of cooperative prevention and control analysis based on bolt pre-tightening force was put forward, and the cooperative prevention and control test of bolt, anchor agent and surrounding rock based on bolt pre-tightening force was carried out, the variation law of pre-tightening force of bolt was obtained and the cooperative prevention and control state of bolt anchoring was identified. The results indicate that improving the synergy between anchoring agents and the surrounding rock of anchoring holes, as well as between anchor rods and anchoring agents, is beneficial for their synergistic evolution and can effectively enhance the prevention and control effect. A method for determining the collaborative state of anchor rod anchoring is provided, which can comprehensively determine the collaborative state of anchor rod anchoring through the relaxation process curve and relaxation degree of anchor rod pre-tightening force. Increasing the contact surface between the anchor rod pad and the surrounding rock on the free face is beneficial for their synergistic evolution. Based on the application and monitoring of pre-tightening force, a method for determining the overall coordination degree of anchor rod anchoring prevention and control has been developed, and strategies for improving the coordination degree of each part of anchor rod anchoring have been proposed. During design, special attention should be paid to the coordination of each part of anchor rod anchoring to ensure that they can perform at their best and be in their optimal state. The research results have good guidance and reference significance for the anchoring mechanism, monitoring, prediction and prevention of prestressed anchor rods in engineering rock masses.