In recent years, important progress has been made in the lithologic trap exploration of the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas in the Tarim Basin, in order to clarify the sedimentary facies distribution law of the clastic rock reservoir of Yageliemu Formation in this area, and promote the efficient exploration and development of the clastic rock reservoir. Based on an integrated analysis of core samples, well logging data, and 3D seismic surveys, the sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution patterns of the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas in the Tarim Basin were investigated. Furthermore, under the framework of source-to-sink system theory, the controlling effects of source area characteristics on fan delta development were systematically examined. The results show that fan delta group deposits are developed in the Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas. During the deposition period of the Yageliemu Formation, the ancient uplift in the Yakela fault convex area was obviously segmented, with a banded uplift in the NEE direction, with two bulges in the east and west, and a low terrain in the middle. Based on the analysis of source-sink system, it is clear that the sediment source of the fan delta group is from the weathered denudation area of the ancient uplift, and the multi-branch ancient gullies provide sediment transport channels for the fan delta Group. It can be seen that paleogeomorphology and gully development characteristics control the sour-sink system of Yageliemu formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas, forming a sedimentary pattern with multiple sources supply. The western ancient uplift is mainly characterized by high uplift and large gully area,the eastern section is mainly characterized by low uplift and small gully area. The development scale of gullies in provenance area controlled the distribution scale of deltaic sediments around ancient uplift. The gentle slope fan delta sedimentary system developed in the south of the ancient uplift, and the steep slope and gentle slope fan delta sedimentary system developed in the north. The analysis of source-sink system reduces the uncertainty of sedimentary facies study of Yageliemu Formation and can provide more geological basis for oil and gas exploration.