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In response to problems of rapid excavation of deep shafts, such as lining cracking and high support costs, based on the engineering background of -906~-1 158 m section of an overseas copper and gold mine, the support parameters of shaft were studied by theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and field tests. In order to restrict deformation of the shaft and reduce the cost of support reasonably and effectively, a shaft model was established based on the engineering practice, the stability of surrounding rock with the different parameters was analyzed by FLAC3D numerical software combined with fluid-structure interaction. The results demonstrate that for the class Ⅲ surrounding rock, “anchor net spraying+steel fiber concrete” support is adopted, and its parameters are as follows: bolt diameter 22 mm, length 2.3 m, shotcrete thickness 50 mm, row spacing 1 m×1 m, steel fiber concrete thickness 550 mm. For the locally existing class Ⅳ~Ⅴ surrounding rock, “anchor net spray+foam board+steel fiber concrete” support was proposed, and the thickness of buffer layer foam board is 100 mm, and the thickness of steel fiber concrete is 600 mm. Field test results show that the average convergence rate of surrounding rock is 0.18~0.31 mm/d after 412 h excavation, which meets the requirements of air inlet shaft construction, and the construction efficiency is improved by about 23.5% compared with the domestic deep shaft. This work can provide a guidance for the support design of shaft in soft-fractured strata with water-rich.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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